Sometimes when we click on a particular web element it opens a new window. To locate the web elements on the new window webpage, we need to shift the focus of selenium from the current page (main page) to the new page. In this article, we will try to shift the focus of selenium from one window to another new window. Here we will use the chrome browser for which we required ChromeDriver you can download it from the official site of selenium. We will use the geeksforgeeks.org website for automation practice.
Steps
- Visit the official site of geeksforgeeks.org
- Click on courses at Lazyroar from quick links
- Select a particular course ( Open with a new window )
- Click on the element of the new window
Expected Result: It should click on the element of the new window
Implementation
Program 1: Click on the element of the new window without shifting the focus of selenium
Java
import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;public class GFGWindowHandling { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // we are using chrome driver System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "Path of chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // entering the URL // to maximize the window driver.manage().window().maximize(); // to delete all cookies driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); // to Scroll the screen to locate element JavascriptExecutor je = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; je.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0, 200)"); driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// span[text()='Courses at Lazyroar'])[2]")).click(); // to select a particular course Thread.sleep(2000); driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// h4[text()='Data Structures and Algorithms - Self Paced'])[1]")).click(); // it will open with new tab // to click on (Read more here) on new window driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// a[text()='(Read more here)'])[1]")).click(); // statement to understand that operation is performed on new window System.out.println("operation is performed on new window"); }} |
Console Output:
org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException: no such element: Unable to locate element: {"method":"xpath", "selector":"(//a)[1]"}
This exception is because when we clicked on a particular course new window (child window) is open and when we try to click on Read more here, at that time focus of selenium is on the main window (parent window). So we will use some method to shift the focus of selenium from one window to another.
Syntax:
driver.switchTo().window(ID);
Where ID: ID of a particular window on which you need the change the focus of selenium.
To get the ID of windows we will use the following method.
- driver.getWindowHandle(): To get the ID of parent window (main window)
- driver.getWindowHandles(): To get the ID of child windows (new window)
Let’s observe how the IDs of two different windows are different,
Program 2: To get the IDs of different windows
Java
import java.util.Set;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;public class GFGIDsOfWindows { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // we are using chrome driver System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "Path of chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // entering the URL // to maximize the window driver.manage().window().maximize(); // to delete all cookies driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); // to Scroll the screen to locate element JavascriptExecutor je = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; je.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0, 200)"); driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// span[text()='Courses at Lazyroar'])[2]")).click(); // to select a particular course Thread.sleep(2000); driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// h4[text()='Data Structures and Algorithms - Self Paced'])[1]")).click(); // it will open with new tab // getWindowHandle method to get ID of main window(parent window) String Parent_id = driver.getWindowHandle(); System.out.println(Parent_id); // getWindowHandle method to get ID of new window (child window) Set<String> Child_id = driver.getWindowHandles(); // for each loop for (String a : Child_id) { // it will print IDs of both window System.out.println(a); } }} |
Console Output:
Here you can observe the IDs of windows are different.
CDwindow-EA925E71098EEFBB80858BE787CED1A5 (ID of main window) CDwindow-C9078346729F1D0CF8AF12E938CE49DD (ID of new window)
So to change the focus of selenium from one window to another window we will use For each loop and provide the if-else condition. For each loop
for( Datatype variable : collection )
{
Statements;
}
Program 3: Click on the element of the new window by shifting the focus of selenium
Java
import java.util.Set;import org.openqa.selenium.By;import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;public class GFGWindowHandlingEx { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { // we are using chrome driver System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "Path of chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); // entering the URL // to maximize the window driver.manage().window().maximize(); // to delete all cookies driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); // to Scroll the screen to locate element JavascriptExecutor je = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; je.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0, 200)"); driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// span[text()='Courses at Lazyroar'])[2]")).click(); // to select a particular course Thread.sleep(2000); driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// h4[text()='Data Structures and Algorithms - Self Paced'])[1]")).click(); // it will open with new tab // getWindowHandle method to get ID of main window(parent window) String Parent_id = driver.getWindowHandle(); System.out.println(Parent_id); // getWindowHandle method to get ID of new window (child window) Set<String> Child_id = driver.getWindowHandles(); // for each loop for (String a : Child_id) { // it will print IDs of both window System.out.println(a); // condition to change the focus of selenium if (Parent_id.equals(a)) { } else { // to change focus on new window driver.switchTo().window(a); Thread.sleep(2000); // to handle the popup regarding cookies driver.findElement(By.xpath("// button[text()='Got it!']")).click(); // to click on (Read more here) je.executeScript("window.scrollBy(0, 600)"); driver.findElement(By.xpath("(// a[text()='(Read more here)'])[1]")).click(); // statement to understand that operation is performed on new window System.out.println("operation is performed on new window"); } } }} |
Console Output:
