This project deals with developing a Virtual website ‘E-commerce Website’. It provides the user with a list of the various products available for purchase in the store. For the convenience of online shopping, a shopping cart is provided to the user. After the selection of the goods, it is sent for the order confirmation process. The system is implemented using Python’s web framework Django. To develop an e-commerce website, it is necessary to study and understand many technologies.
Scope: The scope of the project will be limited to some functions of the e-commerce website. It will display products, customers can select catalogs and select products, and can remove products from their cart specifying the quantity of each item. Selected items will be collected in a cart. At checkout, the item on the card will be presented as an order. Customers can pay for the items in the cart to complete an order. This project has great future scope. The project also provides security with the use of login ID and passwords, so that no unauthorized users can access your account. The only authorized person who has the appropriate access authority can access the software.
Technologies used in the project:
Django framework and SQLite database which comes by default with Django.
Required Skillset to Build the Project:
Knowledge of Python and basics of Django Framework.
ER and Use-Case Diagrams
Customer Interface:
- Customer shops for a product
- Customer changes quantity
- The customer adds an item to the cart
- Customer views cart
- Customer checks out
- Customer sends order
ER-diagram for Customer
Use-Case diagram for Customer
- Admin logs in
- Admin inserts item
- Admin removes item
- Admin modifies item
ER-diagram for Admin
Use-Case diagram for Admin
Step by Step Implementation:
- Create Normal Project: Open the IDE and create a normal project by selecting File -> New Project.
- Install Django: Next, we will install the Django module from the terminal. We will use PyCharm integrated terminal to do this task. One can also use cmd on windows to install the module by running python -m pip install django command
- Check Installed Django version: To check the installed Django version, you can run the python -m django -version command as shown below.
- Create Django Project: When we execute django-admin startproject command, then it will create a Django project inside the normal project which we already have created here. django-admin startproject ProjectName.
- Check Python3 version: python3 –version
- Run Default Django webserver:- Django internally provides a default webserver where we can launch our applications. python manage.py runserver command in terminal. By default, the server runs on port 8000. Access the webserver at the highlighted URL.
Open the project folder using a text editor. The directory structure should look like this :
Project Structure
Now add store app in E-commerce website in settings.py.
urls.py
This file contains all the URL patterns used by the website
Python3
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import path, includefrom django.conf.urls.static import staticfrom . import settings urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('', include('store.urls'))] + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT) |
Models
The below screenshot shows the required models that we will need to create. These models are tables that will be stored in the SQLite database.
Let’s see each model and the fields required by each model.
category.py
Python3
from django.db import models class Category(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) @staticmethod def get_all_categories(): return Category.objects.all() def __str__(self): return self.name |
customer.py
Python3
from django.db import models class Customer(models.Model): first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) phone = models.CharField(max_length=10) email = models.EmailField() password = models.CharField(max_length=100) # to save the data def register(self): self.save() @staticmethod def get_customer_by_email(email): try: return Customer.objects.get(email=email) except: return False def isExists(self): if Customer.objects.filter(email=self.email): return True return False |
products.py
Python3
from django.db import modelsfrom .category import Category class Products(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=60) price = models.IntegerField(default=0) category = models.ForeignKey(Category, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=1) description = models.CharField( max_length=250, default='', blank=True, null=True) image = models.ImageField(upload_to='uploads/products/') @staticmethod def get_products_by_id(ids): return Products.objects.filter(id__in=ids) @staticmethod def get_all_products(): return Products.objects.all() @staticmethod def get_all_products_by_categoryid(category_id): if category_id: return Products.objects.filter(category=category_id) else: return Products.get_all_products() |
Orders.py
Python
from django.db import modelsfrom .product import Productsfrom .customer import Customerimport datetime class Order(models.Model): product = models.ForeignKey(Products, on_delete=models.CASCADE) customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE) quantity = models.IntegerField(default=1) price = models.IntegerField() address = models.CharField(max_length=50, default='', blank=True) phone = models.CharField(max_length=50, default='', blank=True) date = models.DateField(default=datetime.datetime.today) status = models.BooleanField(default=False) def placeOrder(self): self.save() @staticmethod def get_orders_by_customer(customer_id): return Order.objects.filter(customer=customer_id).order_by('-date') |
Views :
In views, we create a view named home.py, login.py, signup.py, cart.py, checkout.py, orders.py which takes a request and renders an HTML as a response. Create an home.html, login.html, signup.html, cart.html, checkout.html, orders.html in the templates. And map the views to the store\urls.py folder.
Python3
from django.contrib import adminfrom django.urls import pathfrom .views.home import Index, storefrom .views.signup import Signupfrom .views.login import Login, logoutfrom .views.cart import Cartfrom .views.checkout import CheckOutfrom .views.orders import OrderViewfrom .middlewares.auth import auth_middleware urlpatterns = [ path('', Index.as_view(), name='homepage'), path('store', store, name='store'), path('signup', Signup.as_view(), name='signup'), path('login', Login.as_view(), name='login'), path('logout', logout, name='logout'), path('cart', auth_middleware(Cart.as_view()), name='cart'), path('check-out', CheckOut.as_view(), name='checkout'), path('orders', auth_middleware(OrderView.as_view()), name='orders'), ] |
The below files show the views for each functionality of the site.
home.py
Python3
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponseRedirectfrom store.models.product import Productsfrom store.models.category import Categoryfrom django.views import View # Create your views here.class Index(View): def post(self, request): product = request.POST.get('product') remove = request.POST.get('remove') cart = request.session.get('cart') if cart: quantity = cart.get(product) if quantity: if remove: if quantity <= 1: cart.pop(product) else: cart[product] = quantity-1 else: cart[product] = quantity+1 else: cart[product] = 1 else: cart = {} cart[product] = 1 request.session['cart'] = cart print('cart', request.session['cart']) return redirect('homepage') def get(self, request): # print() return HttpResponseRedirect(f'/store{request.get_full_path()[1:]}') def store(request): cart = request.session.get('cart') if not cart: request.session['cart'] = {} products = None categories = Category.get_all_categories() categoryID = request.GET.get('category') if categoryID: products = Products.get_all_products_by_categoryid(categoryID) else: products = Products.get_all_products() data = {} data['products'] = products data['categories'] = categories print('you are : ', request.session.get('email')) return render(request, 'index.html', data) |
login.py
Python3
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponseRedirectfrom django.contrib.auth.hashers import check_passwordfrom store.models.customer import Customerfrom django.views import View class Login(View): return_url = None def get(self, request): Login.return_url = request.GET.get('return_url') return render(request, 'login.html') def post(self, request): email = request.POST.get('email') password = request.POST.get('password') customer = Customer.get_customer_by_email(email) error_message = None if customer: flag = check_password(password, customer.password) if flag: request.session['customer'] = customer.id if Login.return_url: return HttpResponseRedirect(Login.return_url) else: Login.return_url = None return redirect('homepage') else: error_message = 'Invalid !!' else: error_message = 'Invalid !!' print(email, password) return render(request, 'login.html', {'error': error_message}) def logout(request): request.session.clear() return redirect('login') |
signup.py
Python3
from django.shortcuts import render, redirectfrom django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_passwordfrom store.models.customer import Customerfrom django.views import View class Signup (View): def get(self, request): return render(request, 'signup.html') def post(self, request): postData = request.POST first_name = postData.get('firstname') last_name = postData.get('lastname') phone = postData.get('phone') email = postData.get('email') password = postData.get('password') # validation value = { 'first_name': first_name, 'last_name': last_name, 'phone': phone, 'email': email } error_message = None customer = Customer(first_name=first_name, last_name=last_name, phone=phone, email=email, password=password) error_message = self.validateCustomer(customer) if not error_message: print(first_name, last_name, phone, email, password) customer.password = make_password(customer.password) customer.register() return redirect('homepage') else: data = { 'error': error_message, 'values': value } return render(request, 'signup.html', data) def validateCustomer(self, customer): error_message = None if (not customer.first_name): error_message = "Please Enter your First Name !!" elif len(customer.first_name) < 3: error_message = 'First Name must be 3 char long or more' elif not customer.last_name: error_message = 'Please Enter your Last Name' elif len(customer.last_name) < 3: error_message = 'Last Name must be 3 char long or more' elif not customer.phone: error_message = 'Enter your Phone Number' elif len(customer.phone) < 10: error_message = 'Phone Number must be 10 char Long' elif len(customer.password) < 5: error_message = 'Password must be 5 char long' elif len(customer.email) < 5: error_message = 'Email must be 5 char long' elif customer.isExists(): error_message = 'Email Address Already Registered..' # saving return error_message |
cart.py
Python3
from django.db import modelsfrom .product import Productsfrom .customer import Customerimport datetime class Order(models.Model): product = models.ForeignKey(Products, on_delete=models.CASCADE) customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer, on_delete=models.CASCADE) quantity = models.IntegerField(default=1) price = models.IntegerField() address = models.CharField(max_length=50, default='', blank=True) phone = models.CharField(max_length=50, default='', blank=True) date = models.DateField(default=datetime.datetime.today) status = models.BooleanField(default=False) def placeOrder(self): self.save() @staticmethod def get_orders_by_customer(customer_id): return Order.objects.filter(customer=customer_id).order_by('-date') |
checkout.py
Python3
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect from django.contrib.auth.hashers import check_passwordfrom store.models.customer import Customerfrom django.views import View from store.models.product import Productsfrom store.models.orders import Order class CheckOut(View): def post(self, request): address = request.POST.get('address') phone = request.POST.get('phone') customer = request.session.get('customer') cart = request.session.get('cart') products = Products.get_products_by_id(list(cart.keys())) print(address, phone, customer, cart, products) for product in products: print(cart.get(str(product.id))) order = Order(customer=Customer(id=customer), product=product, price=product.price, address=address, phone=phone, quantity=cart.get(str(product.id))) order.save() request.session['cart'] = {} return redirect('cart') |
orders.py
Python3
from django.shortcuts import render, redirectfrom django.contrib.auth.hashers import check_passwordfrom store.models.customer import Customerfrom django.views import Viewfrom store.models.product import Productsfrom store.models.orders import Orderfrom store.middlewares.auth import auth_middleware class OrderView(View): def get(self, request): customer = request.session.get('customer') orders = Order.get_orders_by_customer(customer) print(orders) return render(request, 'orders.html', {'orders': orders}) |
Output
The project already includes a lot of features. The main beneficiaries are both customers and administrators who take longer to behave online. In addition, additional features can be identified and incorporated in the future. It will take more time and effort to understand the need and adjust it to a computerized system to accommodate additional features.
