A += B Assignment Riddle in Python

Predict the output of these two expressions on Python console

• On console

  
  

  
  
  

  Geek = (1, 2, [8, 9]) Geek[2] += [3, 4]

  Output:
  
  Explanation:

  • Look at the bytecode Python generates for the expression s[a] += b. It becomes clear how that happens.
    
  • It works step by step
    • Put the value of s[a] on Top Of Stack(TOS).
    • Perform TOS += b. This succeeds, If TOS refers to a mutable object. That is why appending item to list is successful.
    • Assign s[a] = TOS. This fails, If s is immutable. TypeError, because of tuple are immutable in above example.

  Things to learn

  • Putting mutable items in tuples is not a good idea.
  • Augmented assignment is not an atomic operation — we just saw it throwing an exception after doing part of its job.
  • Inspecting Python bytecode is not too difficult, and is often helpful to see what is going on under the hood.