Sometimes, while working with Python strings, we have a problem in which we need to perform the removal of empty spaces in Strings. The problem of filtering a single space is easier. But sometimes we are unaware of the number of spaces. This has applications in many domains. Let’s discuss certain ways in which this task can be performed.
Method #1 : Using loop + strip() This is a way in which we can perform this task. In this, we strip the strings using strip(), it reduces to a single space, and then it can be tested for a NULL value. Returns True if the string is a single space and hence helps in filtering.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# Using loop + strip()# initializing listtest_list = ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best']# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# Using loop + strip()res = []for ele in test_list: if ele.strip(): res.append(ele) # printing resultprint("List after filtering non-empty strings : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best'] List after filtering non-empty strings : ['gfg', 'is', 'best']
Time Complexity: O(n) where n is the total number of values in the list “test_list”.
Auxiliary Space: O(n) where n is the total number of values in the list “test_list”.
Method #2: Using list comprehension + strip() The combination of the above functions can also be used to perform this task. In this, we employ a one-liner approach to perform this task instead of using the loop.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# Using list comprehension + strip()# initializing listtest_list = ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best']# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# Using list comprehension + strip()res = [ele for ele in test_list if ele.strip()] # printing resultprint("List after filtering non-empty strings : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best'] List after filtering non-empty strings : ['gfg', 'is', 'best']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n), where n is length of list.
Method #3 : Using find()
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# Using find()# initializing listtest_list = ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best']# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# Using find()res = []for ele in test_list: if ele.find(' ')==-1: res.append(ele) # printing resultprint("List after filtering non-empty strings : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', '\t\t ', 'best'] List after filtering non-empty strings : ['gfg', 'is', 'best']
The Time and Space Complexity for all the methods are the same:
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Method #4: Using lambda function
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# initializing listtest_list = ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best']# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))res = list(filter(lambda x: x[0].lower() != x[0].upper(), test_list))# printing resultprint("List after filtering non-empty strings : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best'] List after filtering non-empty strings : ['gfg', 'is', 'best']
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the test_list.
Auxiliary Space: O(n), extra space of size n is required
Method #5: Using itertools.filterfalse()
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Remove multiple empty spaces from string List# initializing listimport itertoolstest_list = ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best']# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))res = list(itertools.filterfalse(lambda x: x[0].upper() == x[0].lower(), test_list))# printing resultprint("List after filtering non-empty strings : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best'] List after filtering non-empty strings : ['gfg', 'is', 'best']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Approach 6: Using str.isspace()
Python3
#Python3 code to demonstrate working of#Remove multiple empty spaces from string List#Initializing listtest_list = ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best']#Printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))#Remove multiple empty spaces from string Listres = [ele for ele in test_list if not ele.isspace()]#Printing resultprint("List after filtering non-empty strings : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best'] List after filtering non-empty strings : ['gfg', 'is', 'best']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Explanation:
In this approach, we use the str.isspace() method which returns True if all the characters in the string are whitespaces and False otherwise.
We loop through the list and use the str.isspace() method to check if the string only consists of whitespaces or not.
If not, then we append the string to the result list. Finally, we return the result list which contains all the non-empty strings from the original list.
Approach #7:Using regex.findall() method
Python3
import re#Python3 code to demonstrate working of#Remove multiple empty spaces from string List#Initializing listtest_list = ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best']#Printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))string = ''.join(test_list)#Remove multiple empty spaces from string Listres = re.findall(r'[a-zA-Z]+', string)#Printing resultprint("List after filtering non-empty strings : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : ['gfg', ' ', ' ', 'is', ' ', 'best'] List after filtering non-empty strings : ['gfg', 'is', 'best']
Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
