Sometimes, while working with Python Matrix, we can have a problem in which we need to extract ith column values from comparing values from jth column. This kind of problem can occur in domains such as school programming or web development. Let’s discuss certain ways in which this task can be performed.
Input : test_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]],
search_list = [4, 9], search_idx = 0, ext_idx = 2
Output : [6, 2]
Input : test_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]],
search_list = [2, 6], search_idx = 2, ext_idx = 0
Output : [4, 9, 10]
Method #1: Using loop
This is a brute way to solve this problem. In this, we loop through each row and compare the jth column with list elements, if present, extract the ith element.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Extract ith column values from jth column values# Using loop# initializing listtest_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]]# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# initializing listsearch_list = [5, 2]# initializing search indexsearch_idx = 1# initializing extract indexext_idx = 2# Extract ith column values from jth column values# Using loopres = []for sub in test_list: if sub[search_idx] in search_list: res.append(sub[ext_idx])# printing resultprint("The extracted elements : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]] The extracted elements : [6, 7, 6]
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of sub-lists in the test_list. This is because the loop runs once for each sub-list in the test_list.
Auxiliary Space: O(m), where m is the number of sub-lists in test_list that meet the condition. This is because the list res is created to store the extracted elements and its length depends on the number of sub-lists that meet the condition.
Method #2: Using set() + list comprehension The combination of the above functions can be used to solve this problem. In this, we perform the task of extracting elements in a similar way as the above method, just using shorthand. Also, for initial data search reduction, the search list is converted to set(), to remove duplicates.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Extract ith column values from jth column values# Using set() + list comprehension# initializing listtest_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]]# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# initializing listsearch_list = [5, 2]# initializing search indexsearch_idx = 1# initializing extract indexext_idx = 2# Extract ith column values from jth column values# Using set() + list comprehensiontemp = set(search_list)res = [sub[ext_idx] for sub in test_list if sub[search_idx] in search_list]# printing resultprint("The extracted elements : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]] The extracted elements : [6, 7, 6]
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the test_list.
Auxiliary space: O(k), where k is the number of elements in the search_list.
Method 3-using the filter() function along with a lambda function
This implementation first uses filter() along with a lambda function to filter out the rows that contain the search values in the given column index. Then, it uses a list comprehension to extract the required values from the filtered list.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Extract ith column values from jth column values# Using filter() and lambda# initializing listtest_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]]# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# initializing listsearch_list = [5, 2]# initializing search indexsearch_idx = 1# initializing extract indexext_idx = 2# Extract ith column values from jth column values# Using filter() and lambdares = list(filter(lambda x: x[search_idx] in search_list, test_list))res = [sub[ext_idx] for sub in res]# printing resultprint("The extracted elements : " + str(res)) |
The original list is : [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]] The extracted elements : [6, 7, 6]
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the input list.
Auxiliary space: O(k), where k is the number of elements in the resulting list.
Method 4: Using list comprehension without set()
Python3
test_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]]search_list = [5, 2]search_idx = 1ext_idx = 2res = [sub[ext_idx] for sub in test_list if sub[search_idx] in search_list]print("The extracted elements : " + str(res)) |
The extracted elements : [6, 7, 6]
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of sub-lists in test_list.
Auxiliary space: O(k), where k is the number of sub-lists in test_list.
Method 5: Using numpy
You can use the NumPy library to extract the ith column values from jth column values in a more efficient way.
Approach:
- Import the NumPy library.
- Convert the given list into a NumPy array using the numpy.array() function.
- Use NumPy indexing to extract the ith and jth columns.
- Use the NumPy where() function to get the indices where the jth column values match the values in the search_list.
- Use the extracted indices to get the ith column values.
- Convert the extracted values back to a Python list using the tolist() function.
- Print the extracted elements.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate working of# Extract ith column values from jth column values# Using numpy# import numpy libraryimport numpy as np# initializing listtest_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]]# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# initializing listsearch_list = [5, 2]# initializing search indexsearch_idx = 1# initializing extract indexext_idx = 2# convert list to numpy arraytest_arr = np.array(test_list)# extract ith and jth columns using numpy indexingij_cols = test_arr[:, [search_idx, ext_idx]]# get the indices where jth column values match the search_listindices = np.where(np.isin(ij_cols[:, 0], search_list))# extract the ith column values using the indicesres = ij_cols[indices, 1].tolist()# flatten the result listres = [val for sublist in res for val in sublist]# printing resultprint("The extracted elements : " + str(res)) |
OUTPUT:
The original list is : [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]] The extracted elements : [6, 7, 6]
Time complexity: O(N), where N is the number of elements in the given list.
Auxiliary space: O(N), where N is the number of elements in the given list.
Method 6: Using pandas
We can also use the pandas library to extract the ith column values from the jth column values. Here’s the step-by-step approach:
- Import the pandas library.
- Convert the test_list list to a pandas DataFrame using the pd.DataFrame() function.
- Use the loc[] function to select the jth column values where the values are in search_list.
- Use the iloc[] function to select the ith column values from the jth column values selected in step 3.
- Store the result in res.
- Print the result.
Python3
# Import the pandas libraryimport pandas as pd# initializing listtest_list = [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]]# printing original listprint("The original list is : " + str(test_list))# initializing listsearch_list = [5, 2]# initializing search indexsearch_idx = 1# initializing extract indexext_idx = 2# Convert the test_list to a pandas DataFramedf = pd.DataFrame(test_list)# Use loc[] to select the jth column values where the values are in search_listjth_col = df.loc[df[search_idx].isin(search_list), search_idx]# Use iloc[] to select the ith column values from dfres = df.iloc[jth_col.index, ext_idx].tolist()# printing resultprint("The extracted elements : " + str(res)) |
OUTPUT: The original list is : [[4, 5, 6], [2, 5, 7], [9, 8, 2], [10, 2, 6]] The extracted elements : [6, 7, 6]
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the test_list list.
Auxiliary space: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the test_list list, due to the conversion of the list to a pandas DataFrame.
