Given an integer S and an array arr[], the task is to find the minimum number of elements whose sum is S, such that any element of the array can be chosen any number of times to get sum S.
Examples:
Input: arr[] = {25, 10, 5}, S = 30
Output: 2
Explanation:
In the given array there are many possible solutions such as –
5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 30, or
10 + 10 + 10 = 30, or
25 + 5 = 30
Hence, the minimum possible solution is 2Input: arr[] = {2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6}, Sum= 6
Output: 1
Explanation:
In the given array there are many possible solutions such as –
2 + 2 + 2 = 6, or
2 + 4 = 6, or
6 = 6,
Hence, the minimum possible solution is 1
Approach:
The idea is to find every possible sequence recursively such that their sum is equal to the given S and also keep track of the minimum sequence such that their sum is given S. In this way, the minimum possible solution can be calculated easily.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ implementation to find the // minimum number of sequence // required from array such that // their sum is equal to given S #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Function to find the // minimum elements required to // get the sum of given value S int printAllSubsetsRec(int arr[], int n, vector<int> v, int sum) { // Condition if the // sequence is found if (sum == 0) { return (int)v.size(); } if (sum < 0) return INT_MAX; // Condition when no // such sequence found if (n == 0) return INT_MAX; // Calling for without choosing // the current index value int x = printAllSubsetsRec( arr, n - 1, v, sum); // Calling for after choosing // the current index value v.push_back(arr[n - 1]); int y = printAllSubsetsRec( arr, n, v, sum - arr[n - 1]); return min(x, y); } // Function for every array int printAllSubsets(int arr[], int n, int sum) { vector<int> v; return printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, sum); } // Driver Code int main() { int arr[] = { 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6 }; int sum = 6; int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); cout << printAllSubsets(arr, n, sum) << endl; return 0; } |
Java
// Java implementation to find the // minimum number of sequence // required from array such that // their sum is equal to given S import java.util.*;import java.lang.*;class GFG{ // Function to find the// minimum elements required to// get the sum of given value Sstatic int printAllSubsetsRec(int arr[], int n, ArrayList<Integer> v, int sum){ // Condition if the // sequence is found if (sum == 0) { return (int)v.size(); } if (sum < 0) return Integer.MAX_VALUE; // Condition when no // such sequence found if (n == 0) return Integer.MAX_VALUE; // Calling for without choosing // the current index value int x = printAllSubsetsRec( arr, n - 1, v, sum); // Calling for after choosing // the current index value v.add(arr[n - 1]); int y = printAllSubsetsRec( arr, n, v, sum - arr[n - 1]); v.remove(v.size() - 1); return Math.min(x, y);}// Function for every arraystatic int printAllSubsets(int arr[], int n, int sum){ ArrayList<Integer> v = new ArrayList<>(); return printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, sum);}// Driver codepublic static void main(String[] args){ int arr[] = { 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6 }; int sum = 6; int n = arr.length; System.out.println(printAllSubsets(arr, n, sum));}}// This code is contributed by offbeat |
Python3
# Python3 implementation to find the # minimum number of sequence # required from array such that # their sum is equal to given S import sys# Function to find the# minimum elements required to# get the sum of given value Sdef printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, Sum): # Condition if the # sequence is found if (Sum == 0): return len(v) if (Sum < 0): return sys.maxsize # Condition when no # such sequence found if (n == 0): return sys.maxsize # Calling for without choosing # the current index value x = printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n - 1, v, Sum) # Calling for after choosing # the current index value v.append(arr[n - 1]) y = printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, Sum - arr[n - 1]) v.pop(len(v) - 1) return min(x, y)# Function for every arraydef printAllSubsets(arr, n, Sum): v = [] return printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, Sum) # Driver codearr = [ 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6 ]Sum = 6n = len(arr)print(printAllSubsets(arr, n, Sum))# This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155 |
C#
// C# implementation to find the // minimum number of sequence // required from array such that // their sum is equal to given S using System;using System.Collections.Generic; class GFG{ // Function to find the// minimum elements required to// get the sum of given value Sstatic int printAllSubsetsRec(int[] arr, int n, List<int> v, int sum){ // Condition if the // sequence is found if (sum == 0) { return v.Count; } if (sum < 0) return Int32.MaxValue; // Condition when no // such sequence found if (n == 0) return Int32.MaxValue; // Calling for without choosing // the current index value int x = printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n - 1, v, sum); // Calling for after choosing // the current index value v.Add(arr[n - 1]); int y = printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, sum - arr[n - 1]); v.RemoveAt(v.Count - 1); return Math.Min(x, y);} // Function for every arraystatic int printAllSubsets(int[] arr, int n, int sum){ List<int> v = new List<int>(); return printAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, sum);}// Driver code static void Main() { int[] arr = { 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6 }; int sum = 6; int n = arr.Length; Console.WriteLine(printAllSubsets(arr, n, sum));}}// This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07 |
Javascript
<script>// Javascript implementation to find the// minimum number of sequence// required from array such that// their sum is equal to given S// Function to find the// minimum elements required to// get the sum of given value Sfunction prletAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, sum){ // Condition if the // sequence is found if (sum == 0) { return v.length; } if (sum < 0) return Number.MAX_VALUE; // Condition when no // such sequence found if (n == 0) return Number.MAX_VALUE; // Calling for without choosing // the current index value let x = prletAllSubsetsRec( arr, n - 1, v, sum); // Calling for after choosing // the current index value v.push(arr[n - 1]); let y = prletAllSubsetsRec( arr, n, v, sum - arr[n - 1]); v.pop(v.length - 1); return Math.min(x, y);} // Function for every arrayfunction prletAllSubsets(arr, n, sum){ let v = []; return prletAllSubsetsRec(arr, n, v, sum);} // Driver Code let arr = [ 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6 ]; let sum = 6; let n = arr.length; document.write(prletAllSubsets(arr, n, sum)); </script> |
Output
1
Performance Analysis:
- Time Complexity: As in the above approach, there are two choose for every number in each step which takes O(2N) time, Hence the Time Complexity will be O(2N).
- Space Complexity: As in the above approach, there is no extra space used, Hence the space complexity will be O(1).
Efficient Approach: As in the above approach there is overlapping subproblems, So the idea is to use Dynamic Programming paradigm to solve this problem. Create a DP table of N * S to store the pre-computed answer for the previous sequence that is the minimum length sequence required to get the sum as S – arr[i] and in this way the finally after calculating for every value of the array, the answer to the problem will be dp[N][S], where m is the length of the array and S is the given sum.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ implementation to find the // minimum number of sequence // required from array such that // their sum is equal to given S #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Function to find the count of // minimum length of the sequence int Count(int S[], int m, int n) { vector<vector<int> > table( m + 1, vector<int>( n + 1, 0)); // Loop to initialize the array // as infinite in the row 0 for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { table[0][i] = INT_MAX - 1; } // Loop to find the solution // by pre-computation for the // sequence for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) { if (S[i - 1] > j) { table[i][j] = table[i - 1][j]; } else { // Minimum possible // for the previous // minimum value // of the sequence table[i][j] = min( table[i - 1][j], table[i][j - S[i - 1]] + 1); } } } return table[m][n]; } // Driver Code int main() { int arr[] = { 9, 6, 5, 1 }; int m = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); cout << Count(arr, m, 11); return 0; } |
Java
// Java implementation to find the // minimum number of sequence // required from array such that // their sum is equal to given S import java.util.*; class GFG{ // Function to find the count of // minimum length of the sequence static int Count(int S[], int m, int n) { int [][]table = new int[m + 1][n + 1]; // Loop to initialize the array // as infinite in the row 0 for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { table[0][i] = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1; } // Loop to find the solution // by pre-computation for the // sequence for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++) { if (S[i - 1] > j) { table[i][j] = table[i - 1][j]; } else { // Minimum possible for the // previous minimum value // of the sequence table[i][j] = Math.min(table[i - 1][j], table[i][j - S[i - 1]] + 1); } } } return table[m][n]; } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { int arr[] = { 9, 6, 5, 1 }; int m = arr.length; System.out.print(Count(arr, m, 11)); } } // This code is contributed by gauravrajput1 |
Python3
# Python3 implementation to find the # minimum number of sequence # required from array such that # their sum is equal to given S # Function to find the count of # minimum length of the sequence def Count(S, m, n): table = [[0 for i in range(n + 1)] for i in range(m + 1)] # Loop to initialize the array # as infinite in the row 0 for i in range(1, n + 1): table[0][i] = 10**9 - 1 # Loop to find the solution # by pre-computation for the # sequence for i in range(1, m + 1): for j in range(1, n + 1): if (S[i - 1] > j): table[i][j] = table[i - 1][j] else: # Minimum possible # for the previous # minimum value # of the sequence table[i][j] = min(table[i - 1][j], table[i][j - S[i - 1]] + 1) return table[m][n] # Driver Code if __name__ == '__main__': arr= [9, 6, 5, 1] m = len(arr) print(Count(arr, m, 11)) # This code is contributed by Mohit Kumar |
C#
// C# implementation to find the // minimum number of sequence // required from array such that // their sum is equal to given S using System; class GFG{ // Function to find the count of // minimum length of the sequence static int Count(int[] S, int m, int n) { int[,] table = new int[m + 1, n + 1]; // Loop to initialize the array // as infinite in the row 0 for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { table[0, i] = int.MaxValue - 1; } // Loop to find the solution // by pre-computation for the // sequence for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++) { for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++) { if (S[i - 1] > j) { table[i, j] = table[i - 1, j]; } else { // Minimum possible for the // previous minimum value // of the sequence table[i, j] = Math.Min(table[i - 1, j], table[i, j - S[i - 1]] + 1); } } } return table[m, n]; } // Driver Code public static void Main(String[] args) { int[] arr = { 9, 6, 5, 1 }; int m = 4; Console.WriteLine(Count(arr, m, 11)); } } // This code is contributed by jrishabh99 |
Javascript
<script>// JavaScript implementation to find the // minimum number of sequence // required from array such that // their sum is equal to given S // Function to find the count of // minimum length of the sequence function Count(S, m, n) { let table = []; for(let i = 0;i<m+1;i++){ table[i] = []; for(let j = 0;j<n+1;j++){ table[i][j] = 0; } } // Loop to initialize the array // as infinite in the row 0 for (let i = 1; i <= n; i++) { table[0][i] = Number.MAX_VALUE - 1; } // Loop to find the solution // by pre-computation for the // sequence for (let i = 1; i <= m; i++) { for (let j = 1; j <= n; j++) { if (S[i - 1] > j) { table[i][j] = table[i - 1][j]; } else { // Minimum possible // for the previous // minimum value // of the sequence table[i][j] = Math.min( table[i - 1][j], table[i][j - S[i - 1]] + 1); } } } return table[m][n]; } // Driver Code let arr = [ 9, 6, 5, 1 ]; let m = arr.length; document.write(Count(arr, m, 11)); </script> |
Output
2
Performance Analysis:
- Time Complexity: As in the above approach, there are two loop for the calculation of the minimum length sequence required which takes O(N2) time, Hence the Time Complexity will be O(N2).
- Space Complexity: As in the above approach, there is a extra dp table used, Hence the space complexity will be O(N2).
Efficient Approach using O(N) space only:
We can use a DP array of size (N+1). Each of the indices(i) of DP array represents the minimum number of components required to build number i.
Now, at number i, if the efficient solution uses component c, then:
numComponents(i) = numComponents(i-c) + 1
We can use this relation to fill our DP array from left to right, and can get this working in O(M*N) time with O(N) space.
C++
#include<bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;int findMinCountToReachSum(int sum, vector<int>components){ // numWays[i] represent number of ways to build value i efficiently // using provided components. vector<int>numWays(sum+1,0); for(int i = 1; i <= sum; i++) { numWays[i] = INT_MAX; // First start with a invalid value. // Try to improve the value using given components. for(int j=0; j<components.size(); j++) { // component c can only contribute in building number i, if it is // less than or equal to number i. if(i >= components[j]) { // Check if component c can be utilized to build number i in // a better way. numWays[i] = min(numWays[i], numWays[i-components[j]] + 1); } } } return numWays[sum];}int main(){ int sum = 6; vector<int> arr = {2,1,4,3,5,6}; cout<<findMinCountToReachSum(sum, arr);}// This code is contributed by ratiagarwal. |
Java
/*package whatever //do not write package name here */import java.io.*;class GFG { public static int findMinCountToReachSum(int sum, int components[]) { // numWays[i] represent number of ways to build value i efficiently // using provided components. int numWays[] = new int[sum + 1]; for(int i = 1; i <= sum; i++) { numWays[i] = Integer.MAX_VALUE; // First start with a invalid value. // Try to improve the value using given components. for(int c: components) { // component c can only contribute in building number i, if it is // less than or equal to number i. if(i >= c) { // Check if component c can be utilized to build number i in // a better way. numWays[i] = Math.min(numWays[i], numWays[i-c] + 1); } } } return numWays[sum]; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(findMinCountToReachSum(6, new int[] {2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 6})); }} |
Python3
import sysdef findMinCountToReachSum(sum, components): # numWays[i] represent number of ways to build value i efficiently # using provided components. numWays=[0]*(sum+1); for i in range(1, sum+1): numWays[i] = sys.maxsize; # First start with a invalid value. # Try to improve the value using given components. for j in range(0, len(components)): # component c can only contribute in building number i, if it is # less than or equal to number i. if(i >= components[j]) : # Check if component c can be utilized to build number i in # a better way. numWays[i] = min(numWays[i], numWays[i-components[j]] + 1); return numWays[sum];# driver codesum = 6;arr = [2,1,4,3,5,6];print(findMinCountToReachSum(sum, arr)); |
Javascript
function findMinCountToReachSum(sum, components) { // numWays[i] represent number of ways to build value i efficiently // using provided components. let numWays = new Array(sum+1).fill(0); for(let i = 1; i <= sum; i++) { numWays[i] = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER; // First start with a invalid value. // Try to improve the value using given components. for(let j=0; j<components.length; j++) { // component c can only contribute in building number i, if it is // less than or equal to number i. if(i >= components[j]) { // Check if component c can be utilized to build number i in // a better way. numWays[i] = Math.min(numWays[i], numWays[i-components[j]] + 1); } } } return numWays[sum];} let sum=6; let arr=[2,1,4,3,5,6]; document.write(findMinCountToReachSum(sum, arr)); |
C#
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;class GFG { static int findMinCountToReachSum(int sum, List<int>components) { // numWays[i] represent number of ways to build value i efficiently // using provided components. List<int>numWays=new List<int>(); for(int i=0; i<sum+1; i++) numWays.Add(0); for(int i = 1; i <= sum; i++) { numWays[i] = 2147483647; // First start with a invalid value. // Try to improve the value using given components. for(int j=0; j<components.Count; j++) { // component c can only contribute in building number i, if it is // less than or equal to number i. if(i >= components[j]) { // Check if component c can be utilized to build number i in // a better way. numWays[i] = Math.Min(numWays[i], numWays[i-components[j]] + 1); } } } return numWays[sum]; } static public void Main() { int sum = 6; List<int> arr = new List<int>{2,1,4,3,5,6}; Console.Write(findMinCountToReachSum(sum, arr)); }} |
Output
1
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