Matplotlib is a library in Python and it is numerical – mathematical extension for NumPy library. The Axes Class contains most of the figure elements: Axis, Tick, Line2D, Text, Polygon, etc., and sets the coordinate system. And the instances of Axes supports callbacks through a callbacks attribute.
matplotlib.axes.Axes.psd() Function
The Axes.psd() function in axes module of matplotlib library is used to plot the power spectral density.
Syntax: Axes.psd(self, x, NFFT=None, Fs=None, Fc=None, detrend=None, window=None, noverlap=None, pad_to=None, sides=None, scale_by_freq=None, return_line=None, *, data=None, **kwargs)
Parameters: This method accept the following parameters that are described below:
- x: This parameter is a sequence of data.
- Fs : This parameter is a scalar. Its default value is 2.
- window: This parameter take a data segment as an argument and return the windowed version of the segment. Its default value is window_hanning()
- sides: This parameter specifies which sides of the spectrum to return. This can have following values : ‘default’, ‘onesided’ and ‘twosided’.
- pad_to : This parameter contains the integer value to which the data segment is padded.
- NFFT : This parameter contains the number of data points used in each block for the FFT.
- detrend : This parameter contains the function applied to each segment before fft-ing, designed to remove the mean or linear trend {‘none’, ‘mean’, ‘linear’}.
- scale_by_freq : This parameter is allows for integration over the returned frequency values.
- noverlap : This parameter is the number of points of overlap between blocks.
- Fc : This parameter is the center frequency of x.
- return_line : This parameter include the line object plotted in the returned values.
Returns: This returns the following:
- Pxx:This returns the values for the power spectrum P_{xx} before scaling.
- freqs :This returns the frequencies for the elements in Pxx.
- line :This returns the line created by this function.
The resultant is (Pxx, freqs, line)
Below examples illustrate the matplotlib.axes.Axes.csd() function in matplotlib.axes:
Example-1:
# Implementation of matplotlib function import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt dt = 0.01t = np.arange(0, 30, dt) nse1 = np.random.randn(len(t)) s1 = 1.5 * np.sin(2 * np.pi * 10 * t) + nse1 + np.cos(np.pi * t) fig, ax1 = plt.subplots() ax1.psd(s1**2, 512, 1./dt, color ="green") ax1.set_xlabel('Frequency') ax1.set_ylabel('PSD(db)') ax1.set_title('matplotlib.axes.Axes.psd() Example') plt.show() |
Output:
Example-2:
# Implementation of matplotlib function import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt dt = 0.01t = np.arange(0, 30, dt) nse1 = np.random.randn(len(t)) r = np.exp(-t / 0.05) cnse1 = np.convolve(nse1, r, mode ='same')*dt s1 = np.cos(np.pi * t) + cnse1 + np.sin(2 * np.pi * 10 * t) fig, [ax1, ax2] = plt.subplots(2, 1) ax1.plot(t, s1) ax1.set_xlim(0, 5) ax1.set_ylabel('value s1') ax1.grid(True) ax2.psd(s1, 256, 1./dt) ax2.set_ylabel('PSD(db)') ax2.set_xlabel('Frequency') ax1.set_title('matplotlib.axes.Axes.psd() Example') plt.show() |
Output:
