Given a binary array arr[N], (where N = 2) of size two having at least one element as zero. The task is to write a single line function to set both elements of the array to zero. There is a constraint to writing the function. The ternary operator and direct assignment of elements cannot be used.
As per problem constraints, only three combinations of array elements are possible:
- arr[0] = 1 and arr[1] = 0
- arr[0] = 0 and arr[1] = 1
- arr[0] = 0 and arr[1] = 0
This article discusses the following methods:
- Using only assignment operator.
- Using assignment operator two times.
- negation (!) operator (logical NOT).
Let’s start discussing each of these methods in detail.
1. Using only assignment operator:
The assignment operator can be used to set both the elements of the given binary array to 0, but in this approach, the indexes are not used directly.
Approach:
There are three ways to achieve this:
1. arr[arr[1]] = arr[arr[0]]
If arr={0, 1}, then arr[0] will be assigned to arr[1].
If arr={1, 0}, then arr[1] will be assigned to arr[0].2. arr[arr[1]] = 0
If arr[1]=0, then arr[0] will be 1, so arr[arr[1]] will make arr[0]=0.
If arr[1]=1, then arr[1] will be 1, so arr[arr[1]] will make arr[1]=0.3. arr[1 – arr[0]] = arr[1 – arr[1]]
If arr[1]=0 and arr[0]=1, then 1-arr[1] will be 1, so arr[1] will be assigned to arr[0].
If arr[1]=1 and arr[0]=0, then 1-arr[1] will be 0, so arr[0] will be assigned to arr[1].
Below is the C++ code to implement the approach:
C++
// C++ program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].#include <iostream>using namespace std;void MakeBothZeros(int arr[]){ arr[arr[1]] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = 0; // arr[1 - arr[0]] = arr[1 - arr[1]];}// Driver codeint main(){ int First_Arr[] = {0, 1}; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); cout << First_Arr[0] << " " << First_Arr[1] << endl; int Second_Arr[] = {1, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); cout << Second_Arr[0] << " " << Second_Arr[1] << endl; int Thrd_Arr[] = {0, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); cout << Thrd_Arr[0] << " " << Thrd_Arr[1] << endl; return 0;} |
Java
// Java program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2]import java.util.*;class GFG{static void MakeBothZeros(int arr[]){ arr[arr[1]] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = 0; // arr[1 - arr[0]] = arr[1 - arr[1]];}// Driver codepublic static void main(String[] args){ int First_Arr[] = {0, 1}; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); System.out.print(First_Arr[0]+ " " + First_Arr[1] +"\n"); int Second_Arr[] = {1, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); System.out.print(Second_Arr[0]+ " " + Second_Arr[1] +"\n"); int Thrd_Arr[] = {0, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); System.out.print(Thrd_Arr[0]+ " " + Thrd_Arr[1] +"\n");}}// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar |
Python3
# Python code for the above approachdef MakeBothZeros(arr): arr[arr[1]] = arr[arr[0]] # Two other approaches to solve # the problem # arr[arr[1]] = 0; # arr[1 - arr[0]] = arr[1 - arr[1]];# Driver codeFirst_Arr = [0, 1]MakeBothZeros(First_Arr)print(f"{First_Arr[0]} {First_Arr[1]} ")Second_Arr = [1, 0]MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr)print(f"{Second_Arr[0]} {Second_Arr[1]} ")Thrd_Arr = [0, 0]MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr)print(f"{Thrd_Arr[0]} {Thrd_Arr[1]} ")# This code is contributed by GFGKING |
C#
// C# program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2]using System;class GFG { static void MakeBothZeros(int[] arr) { arr[arr[1]] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = 0; // arr[1 - arr[0]] = arr[1 - arr[1]]; } // Driver code public static void Main() { int[] First_Arr = { 0, 1 }; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); Console.WriteLine(First_Arr[0] + " " + First_Arr[1]); int[] Second_Arr = { 1, 0 }; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); Console.WriteLine(Second_Arr[0] + " " + Second_Arr[1]); int[] Thrd_Arr = { 0, 0 }; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); Console.WriteLine(Thrd_Arr[0] + " " + Thrd_Arr[1]); }}// This code is contributed by ukasp. |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript code for the above approach function MakeBothZeros(arr) { arr[arr[1]] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = 0; // arr[1 - arr[0]] = arr[1 - arr[1]]; } // Driver code let First_Arr = [0, 1]; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); document.write(First_Arr[0] + " " + First_Arr[1] + "<br>"); let Second_Arr = [1, 0]; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); document.write(Second_Arr[0] + " " + Second_Arr[1] + '<br>'); let Thrd_Arr = [0, 0]; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); document.write(Thrd_Arr[0] + " " + Thrd_Arr[1] + '<br>');// This code is contributed by Potta Lokesh </script> |
0 0 0 0 0 0
Time Complexity: O(1), the code will run in a constant time.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), no extra space is required, so it is a constant.
2. Using assignment operator two times:
As listed under the constraints, direct assignment is not allowed. Thus arr[0]=0 and arr[1]=0 are not valid statements. The assignment operator will be used twice to set both elements to zero.
Approach:
There are three ways to achieve this:
1. arr[0] = arr[1] = arr[0] & arr[1]
if any one of the elements is 1.
AND of 1 and 0 is always 0. So, both gets value 0.2. arr[0] = arr[1] -= arr[1]
If arr[1]=1 then arr[1] gets 1-1=0 so, both becomes 0.3. arr[1] = arr[0] -= arr[0]
If arr[0]=1, then arr[0] gets 1-1=0.
else arr[0]= 0-0 = 0. So, both becomes 0.
Below is the C++ program to implement the approach:
C++
// C++ program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].#include <iostream>using namespace std;void MakeBothZeros(int arr[]){ arr[0] = arr[1] = arr[0] & arr[1]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[0] = arr[1] -= arr[1]; // arr[1] = arr[0] -= arr[0];}// Driver codeint main(){ int First_Arr[] = {0, 1}; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); cout << First_Arr[0] << " " << First_Arr[1] << endl; int Second_Arr[] = {1, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); cout << Second_Arr[0] << " " << Second_Arr[1] << endl; int Thrd_Arr[] = {0, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); cout << Thrd_Arr[0] << " " << Thrd_Arr[1] << endl; return 0;} |
Java
// Java program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].import java.util.*;class GFG{static void MakeBothZeros(int arr[]){ arr[0] = arr[1] = arr[0] & arr[1]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[0] = arr[1] -= arr[1]; // arr[1] = arr[0] -= arr[0];}// Driver codepublic static void main(String[] args){ int First_Arr[] = {0, 1}; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); System.out.print(First_Arr[0]+ " " + First_Arr[1] +"\n"); int Second_Arr[] = {1, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); System.out.print(Second_Arr[0]+ " " + Second_Arr[1] +"\n"); int Thrd_Arr[] = {0, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); System.out.print(Thrd_Arr[0]+ " " + Thrd_Arr[1] +"\n");}}// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar |
Python3
# Python program to set both elements# to 0 in binary array[2].def MakeBothZeros(arr): arr[0] = arr[1] = arr[0] & arr[1] # Two other approaches to solve # the problem # arr[0] = arr[1] -= arr[1]; # arr[1] = arr[0] -= arr[0];# Driver codeFirst_Arr = [0, 1]MakeBothZeros(First_Arr)print(First_Arr[0], end=" ")print(First_Arr[1])Second_Arr = [0, 1]MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr)print(Second_Arr[0], end=" ")print(Second_Arr[1])Thrd_Arr = [0, 0]MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr)print(Thrd_Arr[0], end=" ")print(Thrd_Arr[1])# This code is contributed by Samim Hossain Mondal. |
C#
// C# program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].using System;public class GFG{ static void MakeBothZeros(int []arr) { arr[0] = arr[1] = arr[0] & arr[1]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[0] = arr[1] -= arr[1]; // arr[1] = arr[0] -= arr[0]; } // Driver code public static void Main(String[] args) { int[] First_Arr = { 0, 1 }; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); Console.Write(First_Arr[0] + " " + First_Arr[1] + "\n"); int []Second_Arr = { 1, 0 }; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); Console.Write(Second_Arr[0] + " " + Second_Arr[1] + "\n"); int []Thrd_Arr = { 0, 0 }; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); Console.Write(Thrd_Arr[0] + " " + Thrd_Arr[1] + "\n"); }}// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji |
Javascript
<script>// Javascript program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].function MakeBothZeros(arr) { arr[0] = arr[1] = arr[0] & arr[1] // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[0] = arr[1] -= arr[1]; // arr[1] = arr[0] -= arr[0];}// Driver codelet First_Arr = [0, 1];MakeBothZeros(First_Arr);document.write(First_Arr[0] + " " + First_Arr[1]);let Second_Arr = [1, 0];MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr);document.write(Second_Arr[0] + " " + Second_Arr[1]);let Thrd_Arr = [0, 0];MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr);document.write(Thrd_Arr[0] + " " + Thrd_Arr[1]); // This code is contributed by Samim Hossain Mondal.</script> |
0 0 0 0 0 0
Time Complexity: O(1), the code will run in a constant time.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), no extra space is required, so it is a constant.
Note:
Time complexity is O(1) since just one statement is used.
3. By using the negation (!) operator (logical NOT):
In this approach, the assignment operator is used with a negation operator to make both elements of the given array 0 in a single line of code.
Approach:
There are three ways to do this:
1. arr[!arr[0]] = arr[arr[0]]
If arr={0, 1} then index 1 is assigned the index 0 value.
If arr={1, 0} then index 0 is given the index 1 value.2. arr[arr[1]] = arr[!arr[1]]
If arr={0, 1} then index 0 value is assigned to the index 1.
If arr={1, 0} then index 1 value is assigned to the index 0.3. arr[!arr[0]] = arr[!arr[1]]
If arr={0, 1}, since 1 is the value at index 1, the index 0 value which is 0 again,
will be assigned to index 1, making array full of zeros.
If arr={1, 0} then index 1 value is assigned to the index 0.
Below is the C++ program to implement the approach:
C++
// C++ program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].#include <iostream>using namespace std;void MakeBothZeros(int arr[]){ arr[!arr[0]] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = arr[!arr[1]] // arr[!arr[0]] = arr[!arr[1]]}// Driver codeint main(){ int First_Arr[] = {0, 1}; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); cout << First_Arr[0] << " " << First_Arr[1] << endl; int Second_Arr[] = {1, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); cout << Second_Arr[0] << " " << Second_Arr[1] << endl; int Thrd_Arr[] = {0, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); cout << Thrd_Arr[0] << " " << Thrd_Arr[1] << endl; return 0;} |
Java
// Java program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].import java.util.*;class GFG{static void MakeBothZeros(int arr[]){ int index = arr[0] == 0?1:0; arr[index] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = arr[!arr[1]] // arr[!arr[0]] = arr[!arr[1]]}// Driver codepublic static void main(String[] args){ int First_Arr[] = {0, 1}; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); System.out.print(First_Arr[0]+ " " + First_Arr[1] +"\n"); int Second_Arr[] = {1, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); System.out.print(Second_Arr[0]+ " " + Second_Arr[1] +"\n"); int Thrd_Arr[] = {0, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); System.out.print(Thrd_Arr[0]+ " " + Thrd_Arr[1] +"\n");}}// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput |
Python3
# Python program to set both elements to 0 in binary array[2].def MakeBothZeros(arr): if (arr[0] == 0): index = 1 else: index = 0 arr[index] = arr[arr[0]]First_Arr = [0, 1]MakeBothZeros(First_Arr)print(First_Arr[0], end=" ")print(First_Arr[1])Second_Arr = [0, 1]MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr)print(Second_Arr[0], end=" ")print(Second_Arr[1])Thrd_Arr = [0, 0]MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr)print(Thrd_Arr[0], end=" ")print(Thrd_Arr[1])# This code is contributed by lokesh (lokeshmvs21). |
C#
// C# program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].using System;public class GFG{static void MakeBothZeros(int []arr){ int index = arr[0] == 0?1:0; arr[index] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = arr[!arr[1]] // arr[!arr[0]] = arr[!arr[1]]}// Driver codepublic static void Main(String[] args){ int []First_Arr = {0, 1}; MakeBothZeros(First_Arr); Console.Write(First_Arr[0]+ " " + First_Arr[1] +"\n"); int []Second_Arr = {1, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr); Console.Write(Second_Arr[0]+ " " + Second_Arr[1] +"\n"); int []Thrd_Arr = {0, 0}; MakeBothZeros(Thrd_Arr); Console.Write(Thrd_Arr[0]+ " " + Thrd_Arr[1] +"\n");}}// This code is contributed by shikhasingrajput |
Javascript
<script>// JavaScript program to set both elements// to 0 in binary array[2].function MakeBothZeros(arr){ arr[Number(!arr[0])] = arr[arr[0]]; // Two other approaches to solve // the problem // arr[arr[1]] = arr[!arr[1]] // arr[!arr[0]] = arr[!arr[1]]}// Driver codelet First_Arr = [0, 1];MakeBothZeros(First_Arr);document.write(First_Arr[0] + " " + First_Arr[1],"</br>");let Second_Arr = [1, 0];MakeBothZeros(Second_Arr);document.write(Second_Arr[0] + " " + Second_Arr[1],"</br>")let Third_Arr = [0, 0];MakeBothZeros(Third_Arr);document.write(Third_Arr[0] + " " + Third_Arr[1],"</br>")// This code is contributed by shinjanpatra</script> |
0 0 0 0 0 0
Time Complexity: O(1), the code will run in a constant time.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), no extra space is required, so it is a constant.
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