An error is an action that is inaccurate or incorrect. There are three types of errors in programming which are discussed below:
- Syntax error
- Logical error
- Runtime error
Syntax error: According to computer science, a syntax error is an error in the syntax of a sequence of characters or tokens that is intended to be written in a particular programming language or it is also a compile-time error if the syntax is not correct then it will give an error message.
Example:
HTML
<script type="text/javascript"> // An runtime error here window.printme();</script> |
As the syntax is not correct of the JavaScript it will affect only the thread that is under this JavaScript and the rest of the code in other threads gets executed as nothing in them depends on the code containing the error.
Logical error: It is the most difficult error to be traced as it is the error on the logical part of the coding or logical error is a bug in a program that causes it to operate incorrectly and terminate abnormally (or crash).
Runtime Error: A runtime error is an error that occurs during the running of the program, also known as the exception. In the example that is given below the syntax is correct, but at runtime, it is trying to call a method that does not exist.
Example:
Javascript
<script type="text/javascript"> // An runtime error here window.printme();</script> |
As in runtime errors, there are exceptions and these exceptions can be handled with the help of the try-and-catch method
try-catch method
JavaScript uses the try catch and finally to handle the exception and it also uses the throw operator to handle the exception. try have the main code to run and in the catch block if any error is thrown by try block will be caught and the catch block will execute. Finally block will always occur even if an error is thrown
Note:- We can create our own errors using throw but error thrown can only be String, Number, Boolean, or an object
Syntax:
Javascript
<script> try { // Here the main Code runs [break;] } catch ( exception e ){ // The code will run when there is an exception [break;] }</script> |
Example 1:
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <title>Document</title></head><body> <p id="gfg"> Click the GfG button to see the result: </p> <form> <input type="button" value="Click GfG" onclick="First();" /> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> function First() { let a = 123 let b = 145 try { document.getElementById('gfg').innerHTML += '<br> Division of ' + a + ' by ' + b + ' = ' + a / b } catch (e) { alert(e.description) } } </script></body></html> |
Output:
Example 2: In this example, use the finally method which will always execute unconditionally after the try/catch.
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <title>Document</title></head><body> <script> function First() { let a = 123; let b = 0; try { if (b == 0) { throw "Do not divide by zero"; } } catch (e) { document.getElementById('gfg').innerHTML += "<br>" + e + "<br>"; } finally { document.getElementById('gfg').innerHTML += " Finally block will always execute!"; } } </script> <p id="gfg">Click the GfG button to see the result:</p> <form> <input type="button" value="Click GfG" onclick="First()" /> </form></body></html> |
Output:
