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Java Spring Boot Microservices – Integration of Eureka, Feign & Spring Cloud Load Balancer

Nokonwaba Nkukhwana
By Nokonwaba Nkukhwana
0
0

Microservices are small, loosely coupled distributed services. Microservices architecture evolved as a solution to the scalability, independently deployable, and innovation challenges with Monolithic Architecture. It provides us to take a big application and break it into efficiently manageable small components with some specified responsibilities. It is considered the building block of modern applications.

What is Eureka?

Service Discovery is one of the major things of a microservice-based architecture. Eureka is the Netflix Service Discovery Server and Client. The server can be configured and deployed to be highly functional, with each server copying the state of the registered services to the others.

What is Feign?

FeignClient also known as Spring Cloud OpenFeign is a Declarative REST Client in Spring Boot Web Application. But what do you mean by Declarative REST Client? It means we need to specify the client specification as an Interface and Spring Boot will take care of the implementation for us. Writing web services with the help of FeignClient is very easier. FeignClient is mostly used to consume REST API endpoints which are exposed by third-party or microservice.

What is Spring Cloud Load Balancer?

Basically, there are two ways to load balance the request Client-Side Load Balancer and Server-Side Load Balancer. If you are keeping the load balancer on the client side and giving the load balancing responsibility to the client, then we called it Client-Side Load Balancing. And Spring Cloud LoadBalancer is one of the most popular client-side load balancers provided by Spring Cloud. The Spring Cloud Load Balancer library permits us to create applications that communicate with other applications in a load-balanced fashion. Using any algorithm we want, we can easily execute load balancing when making remote service calls.

So in this article, we will integrate all the 3 popular tools with our Microservices. We are going to develop 2 microservices and 1 service discovery using Eureka.

Developing Service Discovery

To develop a Service Discovery using Eureka, please refer to this article Java Spring Boot Microservices – Developing Service Discovery.

Developing Microservices

In this project, we are going to develop two Microservices

  1. employee-service
  2. address-service

Developing Employee-service Step by Step

Step 1: Create a New Spring Boot Project in Spring Initializr

To create a new Spring Boot project, please refer to How to Create a Spring Boot Project in Spring Initializr and Run it in IntelliJ IDEA. For this project choose the following things

  • Project: Maven
  • Language: Java
  • Packaging: Jar
  • Java: 17

 Please choose the following dependencies while creating the project.

  • Spring Boot DevTools
  • Spring Data JPA
  • MySQL Driver
  • Spring Web
  • OpenFeign
  • Eureka Discovery Client

Generate the project and run it in IntelliJ IDEA by referring to the above article.

Note: We have used the MySQL database in this project.

Step 2: Create Schema in MySQL Workbench and Put Some Sample Data

Go to your MySQL Workbench and create a schema named gfgmicroservicesdemo and inside that create a table called employee and put some sample data as shown in the below image. Here we have created 4 columns and put some sample data.

  1. id
  2. name
  3. email
  4. age

 

Now we are going to fetch Employee Data from Employee Table in our Spring Boot project. To do it refer to the following steps. Before moving to IntelliJ IDEA let’s look at the complete project structure for our Microservices.

Step 3: Make Changes in Your application.properties File

Now make the following changes in your application.properties file.

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gfgmicroservicesdemo
spring.datasource.username=put your username here
spring.datasource.password=put your password here
spring.application.name=employee-service
server.port=8080
# Set Your Context Path Here
server.servlet.context-path=/employee-service

Step 4: Create Your Entity/Model Class

Go to the src > main > java > entity and create a class Employee and put the below code. This is our model class.

Java




package com.gfg.employeaap.entity;
  
import jakarta.persistence.*;
  
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
  
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private int id;
  
    @Column(name = "name")
    private String name;
  
    @Column(name = "email")
    private String email;
  
    @Column(name = "age")
    private String age;
  
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
  
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
  
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
  
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
  
    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }
  
    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
  
    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
  
    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
 

















Step 5: Create Your Repository Interface


Go to the src > main > java > repository and create an interface EmployeeRepo and put the below code. This is our repository where we write code for all the database-related stuff.




Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap.repository;


  


import com.gfg.employeaap.entity.Employee;


import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;


  


@Repository


public interface EmployeeRepo extends JpaRepository<Employee, Integer> {


  


}








































Note: Please refer to this article to know more about JpaRepository.






Step 6: Create an EmployeeResponse and AddressResponse Class


Go to the employee-service > src > main > java > response and create a class AddressResponse and put the below code.




Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap.response;


  


public class AddressResponse {


  


    private int id;


    private String city;


    private String state;


  


    public int getId() {


        return id;


    }


  


    public void setId(int id) {


        this.id = id;


    }


  


    public String getCity() {


        return city;


    }


  


    public void setCity(String city) {


        this.city = city;


    }


  


    public String getState() {


        return state;


    }


  


    public void setState(String state) {


        this.state = state;


    }


}






































Go to the src > main > java > response and create a class EmployeeResponse and put the below code.




Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap.response;


  


public class EmployeeResponse {


  


    private int id;


    private String name;


    private String email;


    private String age;


    


    // Add AddressResponse Here


    private AddressResponse addressResponse;


  


    public int getId() {


        return id;


    }


  


    public void setId(int id) {


        this.id = id;


    }


  


    public String getName() {


        return name;


    }


  


    public void setName(String name) {


        this.name = name;


    }


  


    public String getEmail() {


        return email;


    }


  


    public void setEmail(String email) {


        this.email = email;


    }


  


    public String getAge() {


        return age;


    }


  


    public void setAge(String age) {


        this.age = age;


    }


  


    public AddressResponse getAddressResponse() {


        return addressResponse;


    }


  


    public void setAddressResponse(AddressResponse addressResponse) {


        this.addressResponse = addressResponse;


    }


}






































Step 7: Create an AddressClient Interface


Go to the employee-service > src > main > java > feignclient and create an interface AddressClient and put the below code.




Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap.feignclient;


  


import com.gfg.employeaap.response.AddressResponse;


import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;


import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;


  


@FeignClient(name = "address-service", url = "http://localhost:8081", path = "/address-service")


public interface AddressClient {


  


    @GetMapping("/address/{id}")


    public ResponseEntity<AddressResponse> getAddressByEmployeeId(@PathVariable("id") int id);


  


}






































Step 8: Modify EmployeeServiceApplication Class


Go to the employee-service > src > main > java > EmployeeServiceApplication and annotate it with @EnableFeignClients annotation. Below is the complete code for EmployeeServiceApplication Class.




Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap;


  


import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;


import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;


import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;


import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;


  


@SpringBootApplication


@EnableDiscoveryClient


@EnableFeignClients


public class EmployeeServiceApplication {


  


    public static void main(String[] args) {


        SpringApplication.run(EmployeeServiceApplication.class, args);


    }


  


}






































Step 9: Create Your Service Class


Now go to the employee-service > src > main > java > service > EmployeeService and modify the EmployeeService class as below. Add the below code inside this class.


@Autowired
private AddressClient addressClient;
// Using FeignClient
ResponseEntity<AddressResponse> addressResponse = addressClient.getAddressByEmployeeId(id);
employeeResponse.setAddressResponse(addressResponse.getBody());



Below is the complete code for EmployeeService Class.






Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap.service;


  


import com.gfg.employeaap.entity.Employee;


import com.gfg.employeaap.feignclient.AddressClient;


import com.gfg.employeaap.repository.EmployeeRepo;


import com.gfg.employeaap.response.AddressResponse;


import com.gfg.employeaap.response.EmployeeResponse;


import org.modelmapper.ModelMapper;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;


import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


  


import java.util.Optional;


  


@Service


public class EmployeeService {


  


    @Autowired


    private EmployeeRepo employeeRepo;


  


    @Autowired


    private ModelMapper mapper;


  


    // Spring will create the implementation


    // for this class


    // and will inject the bean here (proxy)


    @Autowired


    private AddressClient addressClient;


  


    public EmployeeResponse getEmployeeById(int id) {


  


        Optional<Employee> employee = employeeRepo.findById(id);


        EmployeeResponse employeeResponse = mapper.map(employee, EmployeeResponse.class);


  


        // Using FeignClient


        ResponseEntity<AddressResponse> addressResponse = addressClient.getAddressByEmployeeId(id);


        employeeResponse.setAddressResponse(addressResponse.getBody());


  


        return employeeResponse;


    }


  


}






































Step 10: Create an Employee Controller


Go to the src > main > java > controller and create a class EmployeeController and put the below code. Here we are going to create an endpoint “/employees/{id}” to find an employee using id.




Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap.controller;


  


import com.gfg.employeaap.response.EmployeeResponse;


import com.gfg.employeaap.service.EmployeeService;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;


import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


  


@RestController


public class EmployeeController {


  


    @Autowired


    private EmployeeService employeeService;


  


    @GetMapping("/employees/{id}")


    private ResponseEntity<EmployeeResponse> getEmployeeDetails(@PathVariable("id") int id) {


        EmployeeResponse employee = employeeService.getEmployeeById(id);


        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body(employee);


    }


  


}






































Step 11: Create a Configuration Class


Go to the src > main > java > configuration and create a class EmployeeConfig and put the below code.




Java

















































package com.gfg.employeaap.configuration;


  


import com.gfg.employeaap.service.EmployeeService;


import org.modelmapper.ModelMapper;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


  


@Configuration


public class EmployeeConfig {


  


    @Bean


    public ModelMapper modelMapperBean() {


        return new ModelMapper();


    }


  


}








































Note: You may refer to these two articles





Before running the Microservice below is the complete pom.xml file. Please cross-verify if you have missed some dependencies




XML

















































<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"


    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">


    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>


    <parent>


        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>


        <version>3.0.2</version>


        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->


    </parent>


    <groupId>com.gfg.employeaap</groupId>


    <artifactId>employee-service</artifactId>


    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>


    <name>employee-service</name>


    <description>Employee Service</description>


    <properties>


        <java.version>17</java.version>


        <spring-cloud.version>2022.0.2</spring-cloud.version>


    </properties>


    <dependencies>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>


        </dependency>


  


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>


            <scope>runtime</scope>


            <optional>true</optional>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>mysql</groupId>


            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>


            <version>8.0.12</version>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>


            <scope>test</scope>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.modelmapper</groupId>


            <artifactId>modelmapper</artifactId>


            <version>3.1.1</version>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>


        </dependency>


  


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>


        </dependency>


  


    </dependencies>


  


    <dependencyManagement>


        <dependencies>


            <dependency>


                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>


                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>


                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>


                <type>pom</type>


                <scope>import</scope>


            </dependency>


        </dependencies>


    </dependencyManagement>


  


    <repositories>


        <repository>


            <id>netflix-candidates</id>


            <name>Netflix Candidates</name>


            <url>https://artifactory-oss.prod.netflix.net/artifactory/maven-oss-candidates</url>


            <snapshots>


                <enabled>false</enabled>


            </snapshots>


        </repository>


    </repositories>


  


    <build>


        <plugins>


            <plugin>


                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>


            </plugin>


        </plugins>


    </build>


  


</project>






































Developing address-service Step by Step


Step 1: Create a New Spring Boot Project in Spring Initializr


To create a new Spring Boot project, please refer to How to Create a Spring Boot Project in Spring Initializr and Run it in IntelliJ IDEA. For this project choose the following things


    

  • Project: Maven
    • 

  • Language: Java
    • 

  • Packaging: Jar
    • 

  • Java: 17
    • 



 Please choose the following dependencies while creating the project.


    

  • Spring Boot DevTools
    • 

  • Spring Data JPA
    • 

  • MySQL Driver
    • 

  • Spring Web
    • 

  • Eureka Discovery Client
    • 



Generate the project and run it in IntelliJ IDEA by referring to the above article.






Note: We have used the MySQL database in this project.




Step 2: Create Schema in MySQL Workbench and Put Some Sample Data


Go to your MySQL Workbench and create a schema named gfgmicroservicesdemo and inside that create a table called address and put some sample data as shown in the below image. 


Address Table:


Here we have created 4 columns and put some sample data.


    

  1. id
    2. 

  2. city
    3. 

  3. state
    4. 

  4. employee_id
    5. 





Note: In the Address table, employee_id is a foreign key so create it accordingly. We are going to perform a SQL join operation in our native SQL query. So create tables carefully.






Before moving to IntelliJ IDEA let’s have a look at the complete project structure for our Microservices.




Step 3: Make Changes in Your application.properties File




Now make the following changes in your application.properties file.


spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/gfgmicroservicesdemo
spring.datasource.username=put your username here
spring.datasource.password=put your password here
spring.application.name=address-service
server.port=8081
server.servlet.context-path=/address-service



Step 4: Create Your Entity/Model Class


Go to the src > main > java > entity and create a class Address and put the below code. This is our model class.




Java

















































package com.gfg.addressapp.entity;


  


import jakarta.persistence.*;


  


@Entity


@Table(name = "address")


public class Address {


  


    @Id


    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)


    @Column(name = "id")


    private int id;


  


    @Column(name = "city")


    private String city;


  


    @Column(name = "state")


    private String state;


  


    public int getId() {


        return id;


    }


  


    public void setId(int id) {


        this.id = id;


    }


  


    public String getCity() {


        return city;


    }


  


    public void setCity(String city) {


        this.city = city;


    }


  


    public String getState() {


        return state;


    }


  


    public void setState(String state) {


        this.state = state;


    }


}






































Step 5: Create Your Repository Interface


Go to the src > main > java > repository and create an interface AddressRepo and put the below code. This is our repository where we write code for all the database-related stuff.




Java

















































package com.gfg.addressapp.repository;


  


import com.gfg.addressapp.entity.Address;


import java.util.Optional;


import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;


import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;


import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;


  


@Repository


public interface AddressRepo extends JpaRepository<Address, Integer> {


  


    @Query(


        nativeQuery = true,


        value


        = "SELECT ea.id, ea.city, ea.state FROM gfgmicroservicesdemo.address ea join gfgmicroservicesdemo.employee e on e.id = ea.employee_id where ea.employee_id=:employeeId")


       Optional<Address> findAddressByEmployeeId(@Param("employeeId") int employeeId);


}








































Note: Please refer to this article to know more about JpaRepository.




Step 6: Create an AddressResponse Class


Go to the src > main > java > response and create a class AddressResponse and put the below code.




Java

















































package com.gfg.addressapp.response;


  


public class AddressResponse {


  


    private int id;


    private String city;


    private String state;


  


    public int getId() {


        return id;


    }


  


    public void setId(int id) {


        this.id = id;


    }


  


    public String getCity() {


        return city;


    }


  


    public void setCity(String city) {


        this.city = city;


    }


  


    public String getState() {


        return state;


    }


  


    public void setState(String state) {


        this.state = state;


    }


}






































Step 7: Create Your Service Class


Go to the src > main > java > service and create a class AddressService and put the below code. This is our service class where we write our business logic.






Java

















































package com.gfg.addressapp.service;


  


import com.gfg.addressapp.entity.Address;


import com.gfg.addressapp.repository.AddressRepo;


import com.gfg.addressapp.response.AddressResponse;


import org.modelmapper.ModelMapper;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;


  


import java.util.Optional;


  


@Service


public class AddressService {


  


    @Autowired


    private AddressRepo addressRepo;


  


    @Autowired


    private ModelMapper mapper;


  


    public AddressResponse findAddressByEmployeeId(int employeeId) {


        Optional<Address> addressByEmployeeId = addressRepo.findAddressByEmployeeId(employeeId);


        AddressResponse addressResponse = mapper.map(addressByEmployeeId, AddressResponse.class);


        return addressResponse;


    }


  


}






































Step 8: Create an Address Controller


Go to the src > main > java > controller and create a class AddressController and put the below code. Here we are going to create an endpoint “/address/{employeeId}” to find the address using employee_id. Thats why we have created a foreign key in the Address table and we have performed the SQL join operation in the native query to get our desired result.




Java

















































package com.gfg.addressapp.controller;


  


import com.gfg.addressapp.response.AddressResponse;


import com.gfg.addressapp.service.AddressService;


import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;


import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;


import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


  


@RestController


public class AddressController {


  


    @Autowired


    private AddressService addressService;


  


    @GetMapping("/address/{employeeId}")


    public ResponseEntity<AddressResponse> getAddressByEmployeeId(@PathVariable("employeeId") int employeeId) {


        AddressResponse addressResponse = addressService.findAddressByEmployeeId(employeeId);


        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.OK).body(addressResponse);


    }


  


}






































Step 9: Create a Configuration Class


Go to the src > main > java > configuration and create a class AddressConfig and put the below code.




Java

















































package com.gfg.addressapp.configuration;


  


import com.gfg.addressapp.service.AddressService;


import org.modelmapper.ModelMapper;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


  


@Configuration


public class AddressConfig {


  


    @Bean


    public ModelMapper modelMapperBean() {


        return new ModelMapper();


    }


  


}








































Note: You may refer to these two articles





Before running the Microservice below is the complete pom.xml file. Please cross-verify if you have missed some dependencies




XML

















































<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"


    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">


    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>


    <parent>


        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>


        <version>3.0.2</version>


        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->


    </parent>


    <groupId>com.gfg.addressapp</groupId>


    <artifactId>address-service</artifactId>


    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>


    <name>address-service</name>


    <description>Address Service</description>


    <properties>


        <java.version>17</java.version>


        <spring-cloud.version>2022.0.2</spring-cloud.version>


    </properties>


    <dependencies>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>


        </dependency>


  


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>


            <scope>runtime</scope>


            <optional>true</optional>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>


            <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>


            <scope>runtime</scope>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>


            <scope>test</scope>


        </dependency>


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.modelmapper</groupId>


            <artifactId>modelmapper</artifactId>


            <version>3.1.1</version>


        </dependency>


  


        <dependency>


            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>


            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>


        </dependency>


  


    </dependencies>


  


    <dependencyManagement>


        <dependencies>


            <dependency>


                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>


                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>


                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>


                <type>pom</type>


                <scope>import</scope>


            </dependency>


        </dependencies>


    </dependencyManagement>


  


    <build>


        <plugins>


            <plugin>


                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>


                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>


            </plugin>


        </plugins>


    </build>


  


    <repositories>


        <repository>


            <id>netflix-candidates</id>


            <name>Netflix Candidates</name>


            <url>https://artifactory-oss.prod.netflix.net/artifactory/maven-oss-candidates</url>


            <snapshots>


                <enabled>false</enabled>


            </snapshots>


        </repository>


    </repositories>


  


</project>






































Run Your Service Discovery, Address, and Employee Microservices


Now run your Service Discovery, Address, and Employee Microservices. If everything goes well then you may see the following screen in your console. Please refer to the below image.




Spring Eureka Dashboard:






Step 7: Test Your Endpoint in Postman


Now open Postman and hit the following URL


GET: http://localhost:8080/employee-service/employees/2



And you can see the following response


{
    "id": 2,
    "name": "Asish",
    "email": "asis@gmail",
    "age": "30",
    "addressResponse": {
        "id": 1,
        "city": "BLS",
        "state": "Odisha"
    }
}



Please refer to the below image.



















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