Interesting facts about strings in Python | Set 2 (Slicing)

Creating a String

Strings in Python can be created using single quotes or double quotes or even triple quotes.

# Python Program for
# Creation of String

# Creating a String
# with single Quotes
String1 = ‘Welcome to the Geeks World’
print(“String with the use of Single Quotes: “)
print(String1)

# Creating a String
# with double Quotes
String1 = “I’m a Geek”
print(“\nString with the use of Double Quotes: “)
print(String1)

# Creating a String
# with triple Quotes
String1 = ”’I’m a Geek and I live in a world of “Geeks””’
print(“\nString with the use of Triple Quotes: “)
print(String1)

# Creating String with triple
# Quotes allows multiple lines
String1 = ”’Geeks
For
Life”’
print(“\nCreating a multiline String: “)
print(String1)

Output:
String with the use of Single Quotes:
Welcome to the Geeks World

String with the use of Double Quotes:
I’m a Geek

String with the use of Triple Quotes:
I’m a Geek and I live in a world of “Geeks”

Creating a multiline String:
Geeks
For
Life

Accessing characters in Python
In Python, individual characters of a String can be accessed by using the method of Indexing. Indexing allows negative address references to access characters from the back of the String, e.g. -1 refers to the last character, -2 refers to the second last character, and so on.
While accessing an index out of the range will cause an IndexError. Only Integers are allowed to be passed as an index, float or other types that will cause a TypeError.

# Python Program to Access
# characters of String

String1 = “GeeksForGeeks”
print(“Initial String: “)
print(String1)

# Printing First character
print(“\nFirst character of String is: “)
print(String1[0])

# Printing Last character
print(“\nLast character of String is: “)
print(String1[-1])

Output:
Initial String:
GeeksForGeeks

First character of String is:
G

Last character of String is:
s

String Slicing

Like other programming languages, it’s possible to access individual characters of a string by using array-like indexing syntax. In this we can access each and every element of string through their index number and the indexing starts from 0. Python does index out of bound checking.

So, we can obtain the required character using syntax, string_name[index_position]:

• The positive index_position denotes the element from the starting(0) and the negative index shows the index from the end(-1).

Example:

Output:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "8a33ebbf716678c881331d75e0b85fe6.py", line 15, in <module>
    print x[15] 
IndexError: string index out of range

e
a
o

Slicing
To extract substring from the whole string then we use the syntax like

string_name[beginning: end : step]

• beginning represents the starting index of string
• end denotes the end index of string which is not inclusive 
• steps denotes the distance between the two words.

Note: We can also slice the string using beginning and only and steps are optional.

Example:

Output:

lco
oet
Ge

How to print single quote or double quote on screen?
We can do that in the following two ways:

• First one is to use escape character to display the additional quote.
• The second way is by using mix quote, i.e., when we want to print single quote then using double quotes as delimiters and vice-versa.

Example-

Output:

Hi Mr Geek.
He said, "Welcome to Lazyroar"
Hey so happy to be here
Getting Geeky, "Loving it"

How to print escape character instead?

If there is a requirement of printing the escape character(\) instead,then if user mention it in a string interpreter will think of it as escape character and will not print it.In order to print the escape character user have to use escape character before ‘\’ as shown in the example.

Output:

 \ is back slash