In this short article we shall perform the installation of PostgreSQL 15 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7. PostgreSQL is an open-source database management system that holds a high reputation in robustness, reliability, and data integrity. PostgreSQL was first developed in 1986 as part of the Postgres project at the University of California at Berkeley. It has been in active development for over 30 years resulting in high resilience and performance with notable levels of data integrity.
PostgreSQL 15 key features:
- Logging and Configuration Enhancements: It introduces a new logging format known as jsonlog. This outputs the log data using a defined JSON structure, thus allowing the logs to be processed in structured logging systems.
- Improved Sort Performance and Compression: There has been an improvement in in-memory and on-disk sorting algorithms as viewed form benchmarks.
- Expressive Developer Features: It includes the SQL standard
MERGEcommand that lets users write conditional SQL statements that can includeINSERT,UPDATE, andDELETEactions within a single statement. It alos allows users to create views that query data using the permissions of the caller, not the view creator. - More Options with Logical Replication: It is more flexible when managing logical replication. New row filtering and column lists for publishers have been introduced, allowing users to replicate a subset of data from a table.
- New built-in extension known as
pg_walinspect: that lets users inspect the contents of write-ahead log files directly from a SQL interface. - PostgreSQL 15 removes both the long-deprecated “exclusive backup” mode and support for Python 2 from PL/Python.
- It introduces ICU collation the default collation for a cluster or an individual database.
Use the steps below to install PostgreSQL 15 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 Linux system.
Step 1: Add the PostgreSQL Repository
Run the following commands to add PostgreSQL RPM repository on your CentOS / RHEL 7 system.
sudo yum install -y https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpmConfirm the repository has been added and working
$ sudo yum -y repolist
...
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,072
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 515
pgdg-common/7/x86_64 PostgreSQL common RPMs for RHEL / CentOS 7 - x86_64 383
pgdg10/7/x86_64 PostgreSQL 10 for RHEL / CentOS 7 - x86_64 1,153
pgdg11/7/x86_64 PostgreSQL 11 for RHEL / CentOS 7 - x86_64 1,383
pgdg12/7/x86_64 PostgreSQL 12 for RHEL / CentOS 7 - x86_64 989
pgdg13/7/x86_64 PostgreSQL 13 for RHEL / CentOS 7 - x86_64 736
pgdg14/7/x86_64 PostgreSQL 14 for RHEL / CentOS 7 - x86_64 465
pgdg15/7/x86_64 PostgreSQL 15 for RHEL / CentOS 7 - x86_64 177
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 4,425
repolist: 20,298
Step 2: Install PostgreSQL 15 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
The next step after adding the repository is updating your system.
sudo yum -y updateThen add EPEL repository which has dependencies required by PostgreSQL 15.
sudo yum -y install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpmAfter the upgrade you can begin the installation of PostgreSQL 15 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7.
sudo yum -y install postgresql15-serverThe commands we executed will install both the server and client packages. If everything ran as expected, you should get a message at the end similar to one below.
...
Complete!
Run the commands below to check version of PostgreSQL installed on the system.
$ psql -V
psql (PostgreSQL) 15.3Step 3: Initialize PostgreSQL 15 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
The initdb has to be initialized before you can use PostgreSQL 15 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7. To perform this operation use the commands:
$ sudo /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-setup initdb
Initializing database ... OKNow start and enable the PostgreSQL 15 service:
sudo systemctl enable --now postgresql-15Confirm status of your PostgreSQL 15 service.
$ systemctl status postgresql*
● postgresql-15.service - PostgreSQL 15 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-15.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-12-12 19:49:36 UTC; 9s ago
Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/15/static/
Process: 1872 ExecStartPre=/usr/pgsql-15/bin/postgresql-15-check-db-dir ${PGDATA} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1878 (postmaster)
CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql-15.service
├─1878 /usr/pgsql-15/bin/postmaster -D /var/lib/pgsql/15/data/
├─1880 postgres: logger
├─1881 postgres: checkpointer
├─1882 postgres: background writer
├─1884 postgres: walwriter
├─1885 postgres: autovacuum launcher
└─1886 postgres: logical replication launcher
Dec 12 19:49:36 cent7.mylab.io systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL 15 database server...
Dec 12 19:49:36 cent7.mylab.io postmaster[1878]: 2022-12-12 19:49:36.751 UTC [1878] LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
Dec 12 19:49:36 cent7.mylab.io postmaster[1878]: 2022-12-12 19:49:36.751 UTC [1878] HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "log".
Dec 12 19:49:36 cent7.mylab.io systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL 15 database server.
Step 4: Set postgres user Password
As a root or user with sudo privileges set password for postgres user.
$ sudo passwd postgres
Changing password for user postgres.
New password: <NEW-PASSWORD>
Retype new password: <CONFIRM-PASSWORD>
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.Test access to user’s shell using password set above.
$ su - postgres
Password:
Last login: Mon Dec 12 19:53:17 UTC 2022 on pts/0Update postgres database user password as well
psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'StrongPassw0rd';"Expected output:
ALTER ROLETo drop into PostgreSQL management interface run psql command.
$ psql
psql (15.1)
Type "help" for help.
postgres=#Conclusion
PostgreSQL is applied in many areas where high performance is key requirement in choosing a relational database management system. Some of the main applications of PostgreSQL is in storing data for web, analytic, mobile and desktop applications. We hope this article was helpful and we than you for visiting our website.
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