How To Install Apache Maven on Ubuntu 22.04/20.04/18.04

Apache Maven is a software project management/automation tool used primarily for managing Java project’s build, reporting, and documentation from a central piece of information. This tutorial will help you to install Apache Maven on Ubuntu 22.04/20.04/18.04

Step 1: Update system & Install Java

Apache Maven requires the host system to have the Java Development Kit. Install OpenJDK on Ubuntu / Debian.

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y default-jdk

Check your installed Java version using:

$ java -version
openjdk version "11.0.13" 2021-10-19
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.13+8-Ubuntu-0ubuntu1.20.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.13+8-Ubuntu-0ubuntu1.20.04, mixed mode, sharing)

Step 2: Download and Install Apache Maven

Check  the latest release of Apache Maven and save this to a variable:

export VER="3.8.4"

Download the latest release of Apache Maven exported above:

wget http://www-eu.apache.org/dist/maven/maven-3/${VER}/binaries/apache-maven-${VER}-bin.tar.gz

Now extract the downloaded tarball:

tar xvf apache-maven-${VER}-bin.tar.gz

Move the resulting directory to /opt

sudo mv apache-maven-${VER} /opt/maven

Setup Environment Variables to load Apache Maven

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/profile.d/maven.sh
export MAVEN_HOME=/opt/maven
export PATH=\$PATH:\$MAVEN_HOME/bin
EOF

Source the file

$ source /etc/profile.d/maven.sh
$ echo $MAVEN_HOME
/opt/maven
$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/opt/maven/bin

Your $PATH should have /opt/maven/bin at the end.

Step 3: Verify the Installation

Finally, validate that Apache Maven has been installed correctly:

$ mvn --version
Apache Maven 3.8.4 (9b656c72d54e5bacbed989b64718c159fe39b537)
Maven home: /opt/maven
Java version: 11.0.13, vendor: Ubuntu, runtime: /usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk-amd64
Default locale: en, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "5.4.0-96-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"

This command should print Maven version and used Java version.

All options are available on:

$ mvn -h

Create Maven projects directory:

mkdir ~/mvn-projects
cd ~/mvn-projects

Create your first project:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.mycompany.app \
-DartifactId=my-app \
-DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart \
-DinteractiveMode=false

Since this is the first run,  it may take a while to execute.  This is because Maven is downloading the most recent artifacts (plugin jars and other files) into your local repository.

On a successful run, you should get output similar to below:

INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.0
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /root/projects
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.mycompany.app
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.mycompany.app
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: my-app
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.mycompany.app
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /root/projects/my-app
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  15.301 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-11-18T02:26:08-05:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

The generate goal created a directory with the same name given as the artifactId.

$ tree my-app/
my-app/
├── pom.xml
└── src
    ├── main
    │   └── java
    │       └── com
    │           └── mycompany
    │               └── app
    │                   └── App.java
    └── test
        └── java
            └── com
                └── mycompany
                    └── app
                        └── AppTest.java

11 directories, 3 files

• The src/main/java directory contains the project source code
• The src/test/java directory contains the test source
• The file pom.xml is the project’s Project Object Model (POM).

The filepom.xml is the core of a project’s configuration in Maven. It contains the majority of information required to build a project.

Build the Project

To build your Project, run:

mvn package

The command line will print out various actions, and end with the following:

.....
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Thu Nov 18 10:39:20 EAT 2018
[INFO] Final Memory: 2M/6M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

That’s all, you have successfully installed Apache Maven on Ubuntu 22.04/20.04/18.04/16.04. Check Official Maven Documentation for further learning.