Sometimes it might be useful or required to concatenate or merge two or more of these NumPy arrays. In this article, we will discuss various methods of concatenating two 2D arrays. But first, we have to import the NumPy package to use it:
# import numpy package import numpy as np
Then two 2D arrays have to be created to perform the operations, by using arrange() and reshape() functions. Using NumPy, we can perform concatenation of multiple 2D arrays in various ways and methods.
Method 1: Using concatenate() function
We can perform the concatenation operation using the concatenate() function. With this function, arrays are concatenated either row-wise or column-wise, given that they have equal rows or columns respectively. Column-wise concatenation can be done by equating axis to 1 as an argument in the function.
Example:
Python
# Program to concatenate two 2D arrays column-wise# import numpyimport numpy as np# Creating two 2D arraysarr1 = np.arange(1,10).reshape(3,3)arr2 = np.arange(10,19).reshape(3,3)arr1arr2# Concatenating operation# axis = 1 implies that it is being done column-wisenp.concatenate((arr1,arr2),axis=1) |
Output:
array([[0, 1, 2],
[3, 4, 5],
[6, 7, 8]])
array([[10, 11, 12],
[13, 14, 15],
[16, 17, 18]])
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 10, 11, 12],
[ 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15],
[ 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18]])
In the same way, row-wise concatenation can be done by equating axis to 0.
Example:
Python
# Program to concatenate two 2D arrays row-wiseimport numpy as np# Creating two 2D arraysarr1 = np.arange(1, 10).reshape(3, 3)arr2 = np.arange(10, 19).reshape(3, 3)# Concatenating operation# axis = 0 implies that it is being done row-wisenp.concatenate((arr1, arr2), axis=0) |
Output:
array([[ 0, 1, 2],
[ 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8],
[10, 11, 12],
[13, 14, 15],
[16, 17, 18]])
Method 2: Using stack() functions:
The stack() function can be used in the same way as the concatenate() function where the axis is equated to one. The arrays are stacked one over the other by using this.
Example:
Python
# Program to concatenate two 2D arrays row-wiseimport numpy as nparr1 = np.arange(1, 10).reshape(3, 3)arr2 = np.arange(10, 19).reshape(3, 3)# Concatenating operation# axis = 1 implies that it is being# done row-wisenp.stack((arr1, arr2), axis=1) |
Output:
array([[[ 1, 2, 3],
[10, 11, 12]],
[[ 4, 5, 6],
[13, 14, 15]],
[[ 7, 8, 9],
[16, 17, 18]]])
Or by equating axis to 2 the concatenation is done along with the height as shown below.
Example:
Python3
# Program to concatenate two 2D arrays along# the heightimport numpy as nparr1 = np.arange(1, 10).reshape(3, 3)arr2 = np.arange(10, 19).reshape(3, 3)# Concatenating operation# axis = 2 implies that it is being done# along the heightnp.stack((arr1, arr2), axis=2) |
Output:
array([[[ 1, 10],
[ 2, 11],
[ 3, 12]],
[[ 4, 13],
[ 5, 14],
[ 6, 15]],
[[ 7, 16],
[ 8, 17],
[ 9, 18]]])
Method 3: Using hstack() function
The hstack() function stacks the array horizontally i.e. along a column.
Example:
Python
# Program to concatenate two 2D arrays# horizontallyimport numpy as nparr1 = np.arange(1, 10).reshape(3, 3)arr2 = np.arange(10, 19).reshape(3, 3)# Concatenating operationarr = np.hstack((arr1, arr2)) |
Output:
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 10, 11, 12],
[ 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15],
[ 6, 7, 8, 16, 17, 18]])
Method 4: Using vstack() function
The vstack() function stacks arrays vertically i.e. along a row.
Example:
Python
# Program to concatenate two 2D arrays# verticallyimport numpy as nparr1 = np.arange(1, 10).reshape(3, 3)arr2 = np.arange(10, 19).reshape(3, 3)# Concatenating operationarr = np.vstack((arr1, arr2)) |
Output:
array([[ 0, 1, 2],
[ 3, 4, 5],
[ 6, 7, 8],
[10, 11, 12],
[13, 14, 15],
[16, 17, 18]])
Method 5: Using dstack() function
In the dstack() function, d stands for depth and the concatenations occur along with the height as shown below:
Example:
Python
# Program to concatenate two 2D arrays# along the heightimport numpy as nparr1 = np.arange(1, 10).reshape(3, 3)arr2 = np.arange(10, 19).reshape(3, 3)# Concatenating operationarr = np.dstack((arr1, arr2)) |
Output:
array([[[ 1, 10],
[ 2, 11],
[ 3, 12]],
[[ 4, 13],
[ 5, 14],
[ 6, 15]],
[[ 7, 16],
[ 8, 17],
[ 9, 18]]])
Method 6: Using column_stack() function
column_stack() function stacks the array horizontally i.e. along a column, it is usually used to concatenate id arrays into 2d arrays by joining them horizontally.
Python3
import numpyarray1 = numpy.array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],[20,30,40,50,60]])array2 = numpy.array([[6, 7, 8, 9, 10],[9,8,7,6,5]])# Stack arrays horizontally.array1 = numpy.column_stack([array1, array2])print(array1) |
Output:
[[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10] [20 30 40 50 60 9 8 7 6 5]]
