Decision making in programming is similar to decision making in real life. In decision making, a piece of code is executed when the given condition is fulfilled. Sometimes these are also termed as the Control flow statements. Golang uses control statements to control the flow of execution of the program based on certain conditions. These are used to cause the flow of execution to advance and branch based on changes to the state of a program.
The Decision making statements of Go programming are:
if statement
This is the most simple decision-making statement. It is used to decide whether a certain statement or block of statements will be executed or not i.e if a certain condition is true then a block of statement is executed otherwise not.
Syntax:
if condition {
// Statements to execute if
// condition is true
}
Flow Chart:
Example:
Go
// Go program to illustrate the// use of if statementpackage mainimport "fmt"func main() { // taking a local variable var v int = 700 // using if statement for // checking the condition if v < 1000 { // print the following if // condition evaluates to true fmt.Printf("v is less than 1000\n") } fmt.Printf("Value of v is : %d\n", v) } |
Output:
v is less than 1000 value of v is : 700
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
if…else Statement
The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a block of statements and if the condition is false it won’t. But what if we want to do something else if the condition is false. Here comes the else statement. We can use the else statement with if statement to execute a block of code when the condition is false.
Syntax:
if condition {
// Executes this block if
// condition is true
} else {
// Executes this block if
// condition is false
}
Flow Chart:
Example:
Go
// Go program to illustrate the// use of if...else statementpackage mainimport "fmt"func main() { // taking a local variable var v int = 1200 // using if statement for // checking the condition if v < 1000 { // print the following if // condition evaluates to true fmt.Printf("v is less than 1000\n") } else { // print the following if // condition evaluates to true fmt.Printf("v is greater than 1000\n") } } |
Output:
v is greater than 1000
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Nested if Statement
In Go Language, a nested if is an if statement that is the target of another if or else. Nested if statements mean an if statement inside an if statement. Yes, Golang allows us to nest if statements within if statements. i.e, we can place an if statement inside another if statement.
Syntax:
if condition1 {
// Executes when condition1 is true
if condition2 {
// Executes when condition2 is true
}
}
Flow Chart:
Example:
Go
// Go program to illustrate the// use of nested if statementpackage mainimport "fmt"func main() { // taking two local variable var v1 int = 400 var v2 int = 700 // using if statement if( v1 == 400 ) { // if condition is true then // check the following if( v2 == 700 ) { // if condition is true // then display the following fmt.Printf("Value of v1 is 400 and v2 is 700\n" ); } } } |
Output:
Value of v1 is 400 and v2 is 700
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
if..else..if ladder
Here, a user can decide among multiple options. The if statements are executed from the top down. As soon as one of the conditions controlling the if is true, the statement associated with that if is executed, and the rest of the ladder is bypassed. If none of the conditions is true, then the final else statement will be executed.
Important Points:
- if statement can have zero or one else’s and it must come after any else if’s.
- if statement can have zero to many else if’s and it must come before the else.
- None of the remaining else if’s or else’s will be tested if an else if succeeds,
Syntax:
if condition_1 {
// this block will execute
// when condition_1 is true
} else if condition_2 {
// this block will execute
// when condition2 is true
}
.
.
. else {
// this block will execute when none
// of the condition is true
}
Flow Chart:
Example:
Go
// Go program to illustrate the// use of if..else..if ladderpackage mainimport "fmt"func main() { // taking a local variable var v1 int = 700 // checking the condition if v1 == 100 { // if condition is true then // display the following */ fmt.Printf("Value of v1 is 100\n") } else if v1 == 200 { fmt.Printf("Value of a is 20\n") } else if v1 == 300 { fmt.Printf("Value of a is 300\n") } else { // if none of the conditions is true fmt.Printf("None of the values is matching\n") }} |
Output:
None of the values is matching
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
