To pass a variable-length key-value pair as an argument to a function, Python provides a feature called **kwargs.
kwargs stands for Keyword arguments. It proves to be an efficient solution when one wants to deal with named arguments in their function.
Syntax:
def functionName(**anything):
statement(s)
Note: adding ‘**‘ to any term makes it a kwargs parameter. It accepts keywords as arguments.
Example #1:
Python3
# using kwargs# in functionsdef printKwargs(**kwargs): print(kwargs)# driver codeif __name__ == "__main__": printKwargs(Argument_1='gfg', Argument_2='GFG') |
Output:
{'Argument_1': 'gfg', 'Argument_2': 'GFG'}
Example #2:
Python3
# using kwargs# in functionsdef printValues(**kwargs): for key, value in kwargs.items(): print("The value of {} is {}".format(key, value))# driver codeif __name__ == '__main__': printValues(abbreviation="GFG", full_name="neveropen") |
Output:
The value of abbreviation is GFG The value of full_name is neveropen
Example #3:
Python3
# using kwargs# in functions# to concatenatedef concatenate(**arguments): # initialising empty string final_str = "" # Iterating over the Python kwargs # dictionary for elements in arguments.values(): final_str += elements return final_str# driver codeif __name__ == '__main__': print(concatenate(a="g", b="F", c="g")) |
Output:
gFg
Example #4:
Python3
# using kwargs# to multiplydef multiply(**kwargs): # initialising answer answer = 1 # Iterating over the Python kwargs # dictionary for elements in kwargs.values(): answer *= elements return answer# driver codeif __name__ == '__main__': print(multiply(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5)) |
Output:
120
