In different regions of the world, different types of date formats are used and for that reason usually, programming languages provide a number of date formats for the developed to deal with. In Python, it is dealt with by using a liberty called DateTime. It consists of classes and methods that can be used to work with data and time values.
Required library
import datetime
The datetime.time method
Time values can be represented using the time class. The attributes for the time class include the hour, minute, second, and microsecond.
Syntax of datetime.time
time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
Example 1:
Python3
import datetimetm = datetime.time(2, 25, 50, 13)print(tm) |
Output
02:25:50.000013
Example 2:
There are ranges for the time attributes i.e for seconds we have the range between 0 to 59 and for nanoseconds, range is between 0 to 999999. If the range exceeds, the compiler shows a ValueError. The instance of time class consists of three instance attributes namely hour, minute, second, and microsecond. These are used to get specific information about the time.
Python3
import datetimetm = datetime.time(1, 50, 20, 133257)print('Time tm is ', tm.hour, ' hours ', tm.minute, ' minutes ', tm.second, ' seconds and ', tm.microsecond, ' microseconds') |
Output
Time tm is 1 hours 50 minutes 20 seconds and 133257 microseconds
The datetime.date method
The values for the calendar date can be represented via the date class. The date instance consists of attributes for the year, month, and day.
Syntax of datetime.date
date(yyyy, mm, dd)
Example 1:
Python3
import datetimedate = datetime.date(2018, 5, 12)print('Date date is ', date.day, ' day of ', date.month, ' of the year ', date.year) |
Output
Date date is 12 day of 5 of the year 2018
Example 2:
To get today’s date names a method called today() is used and to get all the information in one object (today’s information) ctime() method is used.
Python3
import datetimetday = datetime.date.today()daytoday = tday.ctime()print("The date today is ", tday)print("The date info. is ", daytoday) |
Output
The date today is 2020-01-30 The date info. is Thu Jan 30 00:00:00 2020
Convert string to date using DateTime
Conversion from string to date is many times needed while working with imported data sets from a CSV or when we take inputs from website forms. To do this, Python provides a method called strptime().
Syntax: datetime.strptime(string, format)
Parameters:
- string – The input string.
- format – This is of string type. i.e. the directives can be embedded in the format string.
Example:
Python3
from datetime import datetimeprint(datetime.strptime('5/5/2019', '%d/%m/%Y')) |
Output
2019-05-05 00:00:00
Convert dates to strings using DateTime
Date and time are different from strings and thus many times it is important to convert the DateTime to string. For this, we use strftime() method.
Syntax of datetime.strftime
Syntax: datetime.strftime(format, t)
Parameters:
- format – This is of string type. i.e. the directives can be embedded in the format string.
- t – the time to be formatted.
Example 1:
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%b %d %Y %H:%M:%S")) |
Output
May 12 2018 02:25:50
Example 2:
The same example can also be written in a different place by setting up the print() method.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%H:%M:%S %b %d %Y")) |
Output
02:25:50 May 12 2018
%H, %M and %S displays the hour, minutes and seconds respectively. %b, %d and %Y displays 3 characters of the month, day and year respectively. Other than the above example the frequently used character code List along with its functionality are:
Frequently used character code in DateTime
- %a: Displays three characters of the weekday, e.g. Wed.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%a")) |
Output
Sat
- %A: Displays name of the weekday, e.g. Wednesday.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%A")) |
Output
Saturday
- %B: Displays the month, e.g. May.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%B")) |
Output
May
- %w: Displays the weekday as a number, from 0 to 6, with Sunday being 0.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%w")) |
Output
6
- %m: Displays month as a number, from 01 to 12.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%m")) |
Output
5
- %p: Define AM/PM for time.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%p")) |
Output
PM
- %y: Displays year in two-digit format, i.e “20” in place of “2020”.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("% y")) |
Output
18
- %f: Displays microsecond from 000000 to 999999.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("% f")) |
Output
000013
- %j: Displays number of the day in the year, from 001 to 366.
Python3
import datetimex = datetime.datetime(2018, 5, 12, 2, 25, 50, 13)print(x.strftime("%f")) |
Output
132
