Given an infinite tree and three numbers N, M, and X which has exactly N child from every node. Every edge has a weight of 1, 2, 3, 4..N. The task is to find the count of paths whose weight is exactly X and has a minimum of one edge of weight M in it.
The diagram above shows a tree shown till level-3 and N = 3.
Examples:
Input: N = 3, M = 2, X = 3 Output: 2 The path 1-2 and 2-1 in the image above Input: N = 2, M = 1, X = 4 Output: 4
Approach: The problem can be solved using Dynamic Programming and memoization. We will use a top-down approach to solve this problem. Recur starting from the root with the sum initially as X, and recursively traverse all paths possible( which is from 1 to N). If the node is equal to M, then the second parameter becomes true, else it stays the same which has been passed in the previous call. Store the value in a DP[][] table to avoid visiting the same states twice.
Below is the implementation of the above approach.
C++
// C++ program to count the number of paths#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;#define max 4#define c 2// Function to find the number of pathsint countPaths(int sum, int get, int m, int n, int dp[]){ // If the summation is more than X if (sum < 0) return 0; // If exactly X weights have reached if (sum == 0) return get; // Already visited if (dp[sum][get] != -1) return dp[sum][get]; // Count paths int res = 0; // Traverse in all paths for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // If the edge weight is M if (i == m) res += countPaths(sum - i, 1, m, n, dp); else // Edge's weight is not M res += countPaths(sum - i, get, m, n, dp); } dp[sum][get] = res; return dp[sum][get];}// Driver Codeint main(){ int n = 3, m = 2, x = 3; int dp[max + 1]; // Initialized the DP array with -1 for (int i = 0; i <= max; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) dp[i][j] = -1; // Function to count paths cout << countPaths(x, 0, m, n, dp);} |
Java
// Java program to count the number of pathspublic class GFG{ static int max = 4 ; static int c = 2 ; // Function to find the number of paths static int countPaths(int sum, int get, int m, int n, int dp[][]) { // If the summation is more than X if (sum < 0) return 0; // If exactly X weights have reached if (sum == 0) return get; // Already visited if (dp[sum][get] != -1) return dp[sum][get]; // Count paths int res = 0; // Traverse in all paths for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // If the edge weight is M if (i == m) res += countPaths(sum - i, 1, m, n, dp); else // Edge's weight is not M res += countPaths(sum - i, get, m, n, dp); } dp[sum][get] = res; return dp[sum][get]; } // Driver Code public static void main(String []args) { int n = 3, m = 2, x = 3; int dp[][] = new int[max + 1][2]; // Initialized the DP array with -1 for (int i = 0; i <= max; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) dp[i][j] = -1; // Function to count paths System.out.println(countPaths(x, 0, m, n, dp)); } // This code is contributed by Ryuga} |
Python3
# Python3 program to count the number of pathsMax = 4c = 2# Function to find the number of pathsdef countPaths(Sum, get, m, n, dp): # If the Summation is more than X if (Sum < 0): return 0 # If exactly X weights have reached if (Sum == 0): return get # Already visited if (dp[Sum][get] != -1): return dp[Sum][get] # Count paths res = 0 # Traverse in all paths for i in range(1, n + 1): # If the edge weight is M if (i == m): res += countPaths(Sum - i, 1, m, n, dp) else: # Edge's weight is not M res += countPaths(Sum - i, get, m, n, dp) dp[Sum][get] = res return dp[Sum][get]# Driver Coden = 3m = 2x = 3dp = [[-1 for i in range(2)] for i in range(Max + 1)]# Initialized the DP array with -1for i in range(Max + 1): for j in range(2): dp[i][j] = -1# Function to count pathsprint(countPaths(x, 0, m, n, dp))# This code is contributed by Mohit kumar 29 |
C#
// C# program to count the number of pathsusing System;class GFG{ static int max = 4 ; static int c = 2 ; // Function to find the number of paths static int countPaths(int sum, int get, int m, int n, int[, ] dp) { // If the summation is more than X if (sum < 0) return 0; // If exactly X weights have reached if (sum == 0) return get; // Already visited if (dp[sum, get] != -1) return dp[sum, get]; // Count paths int res = 0; // Traverse in all paths for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // If the edge weight is M if (i == m) res += countPaths(sum - i, 1, m, n, dp); else // Edge's weight is not M res += countPaths(sum - i, get, m, n, dp); } dp[sum, get] = res; return dp[sum, get]; } // Driver Code public static void Main() { int n = 3, m = 2, x = 3; int[,] dp = new int[max + 1, 2]; // Initialized the DP array with -1 for (int i = 0; i <= max; i++) for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) dp[i, j] = -1; // Function to count paths Console.WriteLine(countPaths(x, 0, m, n, dp)); }}// This code is contributed by Akanksha Rai |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to count the number of paths$max = 4;$c = 2;// Function to find the number of pathsfunction countPaths($sum, $get, $m, $n, &$dp){ global $max,$c; // If the summation is more than X if ($sum < 0) return 0; // If exactly X weights have reached if ($sum == 0) return $get; // Already visited if ($dp[$sum][$get] != -1) return $dp[$sum][$get]; // Count paths $res = 0; // Traverse in all paths for ($i = 1; $i <= $n; $i++) { // If the edge weight is M if ($i == $m) $res += countPaths($sum - $i, 1, $m, $n, $dp); else // Edge's weight is not M $res += countPaths($sum - $i, $get, $m, $n, $dp); } $dp[$sum][$get] = $res; return $dp[$sum][$get];}// Driver Code $n = 3; $m = 2; $x = 3; $dp = array_fill(0,$max + 1,NULL); // Initialized the DP array with -1 for ($i = 0; $i <= $max; $i++) for ($j = 0; $j < 2; $j++) $dp[$i][$j] = -1; // Function to count paths echo countPaths($x, 0, $m, $n, $dp); // This code is contributed by ChitraNayal?> |
Javascript
<script>// Javascript program to count the number of pathslet max = 4;let c = 2;// Function to find the number of pathsfunction countPaths(sum, get, m, n, dp){ // If the summation is more than X if (sum < 0) return 0; // If exactly X weights have reached if (sum == 0) return get; // Already visited if (dp[sum][get] != -1) return dp[sum][get]; // Count paths let res = 0; // Traverse in all paths for(let i = 1; i <= n; i++) { // If the edge weight is M if (i == m) res += countPaths(sum - i, 1, m, n, dp); // Edge's weight is not M else res += countPaths(sum - i, get, m, n, dp); } dp[sum][get] = res; return dp[sum][get];}// Driver Codelet n = 3, m = 2, x = 3;let dp = new Array(max + 1); // Initialized the DP array with -1for(let i = 0; i <= max; i++){ dp[i] = new Array(2) for(let j = 0; j < 2; j++) dp[i][j] = -1;} // Function to count pathsdocument.write(countPaths(x, 0, m, n, dp));// This code is contributed by avanitrachhadiya2155 </script> |
Output
2
Complexity Analysis:
- Time Complexity: O(x*n), as we are using a loop to traverse n times and in each traversal, we are recursively calling the function again which will cost O(x). Where n is the number of children from every node and x is the total weight.
- Auxiliary Space: O(x*n), as we are using extra space for the DP matrix. Where n is the number of children from every node and x is the total weight.
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