Given Linked List Representation of Complete Binary Tree, construct the Binary tree. A complete binary tree can be represented in an array in the following approach.
If the root node is stored at index i, its left, and right children are stored at indices 2*i+1, and 2*i+2 respectively.
Suppose a tree is represented by a linked list in the same way, how do we convert this into a normally linked representation of a binary tree where every node has data, left and right pointers? In the linked list representation, we cannot directly access the children of the current node unless we traverse the list.
We are mainly given level order traversal in sequential access form. We know head of linked list is always is root of the tree. We take the first node as root and we also know that the next two nodes are left and right children of root. So we know partial Binary Tree. The idea is to do Level order traversal of the partially built Binary Tree using queue and traverse the linked list at the same time. At every step, we take the parent node from queue, make next two nodes of linked list as children of the parent node, and enqueue the next two nodes to queue.
1. Create an empty queue.
2. Make the first node of the list as root, and enqueue it to the queue.
3. Until we reach the end of the list, do the following.
………a. Dequeue one node from the queue. This is the current parent.
………b. Traverse two nodes in the list, add them as children of the current parent.
………c. Enqueue the two nodes into the queue.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ program to create a Complete Binary tree from its Linked List// Representation#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <queue>using namespace std;// Linked list nodestruct ListNode{ int data; ListNode* next;};// Binary tree node structurestruct BinaryTreeNode{ int data; BinaryTreeNode *left, *right;};// Function to insert a node at the beginning of the Linked Listvoid push(struct ListNode** head_ref, int new_data){ // allocate node and assign data struct ListNode* new_node = new ListNode; new_node->data = new_data; // link the old list of the new node new_node->next = (*head_ref); // move the head to point to the new node (*head_ref) = new_node;}// method to create a new binary tree node from the given dataBinaryTreeNode* newBinaryTreeNode(int data){ BinaryTreeNode *temp = new BinaryTreeNode; temp->data = data; temp->left = temp->right = NULL; return temp;}// converts a given linked list representing a complete binary tree into the// linked representation of binary tree.void convertList2Binary(ListNode *head, BinaryTreeNode* &root){ // queue to store the parent nodes queue<BinaryTreeNode *> q; // Base Case if (head == NULL) { root = NULL; // Note that root is passed by reference return; } // 1.) The first node is always the root node, and add it to the queue root = newBinaryTreeNode(head->data); q.push(root); // advance the pointer to the next node head = head->next; // until the end of linked list is reached, do the following steps while (head) { // 2.a) take the parent node from the q and remove it from q BinaryTreeNode* parent = q.front(); q.pop(); // 2.c) take next two nodes from the linked list. We will add // them as children of the current parent node in step 2.b. Push them // into the queue so that they will be parents to the future nodes BinaryTreeNode *leftChild = NULL, *rightChild = NULL; leftChild = newBinaryTreeNode(head->data); q.push(leftChild); head = head->next; if (head) { rightChild = newBinaryTreeNode(head->data); q.push(rightChild); head = head->next; } // 2.b) assign the left and right children of parent parent->left = leftChild; parent->right = rightChild; }}// Utility function to traverse the binary tree after conversionvoid inorderTraversal(BinaryTreeNode* root){ if (root) { inorderTraversal( root->left ); cout << root->data << " "; inorderTraversal( root->right ); }}// Driver program to test above functionsint main(){ // create a linked list shown in above diagram struct ListNode* head = NULL; push(&head, 36); /* Last node of Linked List */ push(&head, 30); push(&head, 25); push(&head, 15); push(&head, 12); push(&head, 10); /* First node of Linked List */ BinaryTreeNode *root; convertList2Binary(head, root); cout << "Inorder Traversal of the constructed Binary Tree is: \n"; inorderTraversal(root); return 0;} |
Java
// Java program to create complete Binary Tree from its Linked List// representation // importing necessary classesimport java.util.*; // A linked list nodeclass ListNode { int data; ListNode next; ListNode(int d) { data = d; next = null; }} // A binary tree nodeclass BinaryTreeNode { int data; BinaryTreeNode left, right = null; BinaryTreeNode(int data) { this.data = data; left = right = null; }} class BinaryTree { ListNode head; BinaryTreeNode root; // Function to insert a node at the beginning of // the Linked List void push(int new_data) { // allocate node and assign data ListNode new_node = new ListNode(new_data); // link the old list of the new node new_node.next = head; // move the head to point to the new node head = new_node; } // converts a given linked list representing a // complete binary tree into the linked // representation of binary tree. BinaryTreeNode convertList2Binary(BinaryTreeNode node) { // queue to store the parent nodes Queue<BinaryTreeNode> q = new LinkedList<BinaryTreeNode>(); // Base Case if (head == null) { node = null; return null; } // 1.) The first node is always the root node, and // add it to the queue node = new BinaryTreeNode(head.data); q.add(node); // advance the pointer to the next node head = head.next; // until the end of linked list is reached, do the // following steps while (head != null) { // 2.a) take the parent node from the q and // remove it from q BinaryTreeNode parent = q.peek(); // 2.c) take next two nodes from the linked list. // We will add them as children of the current // parent node in step 2.b. Push them into the // queue so that they will be parents to the // future nodes BinaryTreeNode leftChild = null, rightChild = null; leftChild = new BinaryTreeNode(head.data); q.add(leftChild); head = head.next; if (head != null) { rightChild = new BinaryTreeNode(head.data); q.add(rightChild); head = head.next; } // 2.b) assign the left and right children of // parent parent.left = leftChild; parent.right = rightChild; //remove current level node q.poll(); } return node; } // Utility function to traverse the binary tree // after conversion void inorderTraversal(BinaryTreeNode node) { if (node != null) { inorderTraversal(node.left); System.out.print(node.data + " "); inorderTraversal(node.right); } } // Driver program to test above functions public static void main(String[] args) { BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); tree.push(36); /* Last node of Linked List */ tree.push(30); tree.push(25); tree.push(15); tree.push(12); tree.push(10); /* First node of Linked List */ BinaryTreeNode node = tree.convertList2Binary(tree.root); System.out.println("Inorder Traversal of the"+ " constructed Binary Tree is:"); tree.inorderTraversal(node); }}// This code has been contributed by Mayank Jaiswal |
Python3
# Python program to create a Complete Binary Tree from# its linked list representation# Linked List nodeclass ListNode: # Constructor to create a new node def __init__(self, data): self.data = data self.next = None# Binary Tree Node structureclass BinaryTreeNode: # Constructor to create a new node def __init__(self, data): self.data = data self.left = None self.right = None# Class to convert the linked list to Binary Treeclass Conversion: # Constructor for storing head of linked list # and root for the Binary Tree def __init__(self, data = None): self.head = None self.root = None def push(self, new_data): # Creating a new linked list node and storing data new_node = ListNode(new_data) # Make next of new node as head new_node.next = self.head # Move the head to point to new node self.head = new_node def convertList2Binary(self): # Queue to store the parent nodes q = [] # Base Case if self.head is None: self.root = None return # 1.) The first node is always the root node, # and add it to the queue self.root = BinaryTreeNode(self.head.data) q.append(self.root) # Advance the pointer to the next node self.head = self.head.next # Until the end of linked list is reached, do: while(self.head): # 2.a) Take the parent node from the q and # and remove it from q parent = q.pop(0) # Front of queue # 2.c) Take next two nodes from the linked list. # We will add them as children of the current # parent node in step 2.b. # Push them into the queue so that they will be # parent to the future node leftChild= None rightChild = None leftChild = BinaryTreeNode(self.head.data) q.append(leftChild) self.head = self.head.next if(self.head): rightChild = BinaryTreeNode(self.head.data) q.append(rightChild) self.head = self.head.next #2.b) Assign the left and right children of parent parent.left = leftChild parent.right = rightChild def inorderTraversal(self, root): if(root): self.inorderTraversal(root.left) print (root.data,end=" ") self.inorderTraversal(root.right)# Driver Program to test above function# Object of conversion classconv = Conversion()conv.push(36)conv.push(30)conv.push(25)conv.push(15)conv.push(12)conv.push(10)conv.convertList2Binary()print ("Inorder Traversal of the constructed Binary Tree is:")conv.inorderTraversal(conv.root)# This code is contributed by Nikhil Kumar Singh(nickzuck_007) |
C#
// C# program to create complete // Binary Tree from its Linked List// representation// importing necessary classesusing System;using System.Collections.Generic; // A linked list nodepublic class ListNode { public int data; public ListNode next; public ListNode(int d) { data = d; next = null; }}// A binary tree nodepublic class BinaryTreeNode { public int data; public BinaryTreeNode left, right = null; public BinaryTreeNode(int data) { this.data = data; left = right = null; }}public class BinaryTree { ListNode head; BinaryTreeNode root; // Function to insert a node at // the beginning of the Linked List void push(int new_data) { // allocate node and assign data ListNode new_node = new ListNode(new_data); // link the old list of the new node new_node.next = head; // move the head to point to the new node head = new_node; } // converts a given linked list representing a // complete binary tree into the linked // representation of binary tree. BinaryTreeNode convertList2Binary(BinaryTreeNode node) { // queue to store the parent nodes Queue<BinaryTreeNode> q = new Queue<BinaryTreeNode>(); // Base Case if (head == null) { node = null; return null; } // 1.) The first node is always the root node, and // add it to the queue node = new BinaryTreeNode(head.data); q.Enqueue(node); // advance the pointer to the next node head = head.next; // until the end of linked list is reached, // do the following steps while (head != null) { // 2.a) take the parent node from the q and // remove it from q BinaryTreeNode parent = q.Peek(); BinaryTreeNode pp = q.Dequeue(); // 2.c) take next two nodes from the linked list. // We will add them as children of the current // parent node in step 2.b. Push them into the // queue so that they will be parents to the // future nodes BinaryTreeNode leftChild = null, rightChild = null; leftChild = new BinaryTreeNode(head.data); q.Enqueue(leftChild); head = head.next; if (head != null) { rightChild = new BinaryTreeNode(head.data); q.Enqueue(rightChild); head = head.next; } // 2.b) assign the left and right children of // parent parent.left = leftChild; parent.right = rightChild; } return node; } // Utility function to traverse the binary tree // after conversion void inorderTraversal(BinaryTreeNode node) { if (node != null) { inorderTraversal(node.left); Console.Write(node.data + " "); inorderTraversal(node.right); } } // Driver code public static void Main() { BinaryTree tree = new BinaryTree(); /* Last node of Linked List */ tree.push(36); tree.push(30); tree.push(25); tree.push(15); tree.push(12); /* First node of Linked List */ tree.push(10); BinaryTreeNode node = tree.convertList2Binary(tree.root); Console.WriteLine("Inorder Traversal of the"+ " constructed Binary Tree is:"); tree.inorderTraversal(node); }}/* This code is contributed PrinciRaj1992 */ |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program to create complete // Binary Tree from its Linked List // representation // importing necessary classes // A linked list node class ListNode { constructor(d) { this.data = d; this.next = null; } } // A binary tree node class BinaryTreeNode { constructor(data) { this.data = data; this.left = null; this.right = null; } } class BinaryTree { constructor() { this.head = null; this.root = null; } // Function to insert a node at // the beginning of the Linked List push(new_data) { // allocate node and assign data var new_node = new ListNode(new_data); // link the old list of the new node new_node.next = this.head; // move the head to point to the new node this.head = new_node; } // converts a given linked list representing a // complete binary tree into the linked // representation of binary tree. convertList2Binary(node) { // queue to store the parent nodes var q = []; // Base Case if (this.head == null) { node = null; return null; } // 1.) The first node is always the root node, and // add it to the queue node = new BinaryTreeNode(this.head.data); q.push(node); // advance the pointer to the next node this.head = this.head.next; // until the end of linked list is reached, // do the following steps while (this.head != null) { // 2.a) take the parent node from the q and // remove it from q var parent = q.shift(); // 2.c) take next two nodes from the linked list. // We will add them as children of the current // parent node in step 2.b. Push them into the // queue so that they will be parents to the // future nodes var leftChild = null, rightChild = null; leftChild = new BinaryTreeNode(this.head.data); q.push(leftChild); this.head = this.head.next; if (this.head != null) { rightChild = new BinaryTreeNode(this.head.data); q.push(rightChild); this.head = this.head.next; } // 2.b) assign the left and right children of // parent parent.left = leftChild; parent.right = rightChild; } return node; } // Utility function to traverse the binary tree // after conversion inorderTraversal(node) { if (node != null) { this.inorderTraversal(node.left); document.write(node.data + " "); this.inorderTraversal(node.right); } } } // Driver code var tree = new BinaryTree(); /* Last node of Linked List */ tree.push(36); tree.push(30); tree.push(25); tree.push(15); tree.push(12); /* First node of Linked List */ tree.push(10); var node = tree.convertList2Binary(tree.root); document.write( "Inorder Traversal of the" + " constructed Binary Tree is:<br>" ); tree.inorderTraversal(node);</script> |
Output
Inorder Traversal of the constructed Binary Tree is: 25 12 30 10 36 15
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of nodes.
Auxiliary Space: O(b), Here b is the maximum number of nodes at any level.
This article is compiled by Ravi Chandra Enaganti. Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or if you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.
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