We generally use Python lists to store items. An online shopping application may contain a list of items in it so that the user can search the item from the list of items. For example, Our shopping application has a list of laptops it sells. List contains many brands and one of them is ‘Lenovo’. If we want to buy a laptop of Lenovo brand we go to the search bar of shopping app and search for ‘Lenovo’. Then it displays all the models of Lenovo laptops. But sometimes the user may type ‘lenovo’ in lowercase or ‘LENOVO’ in upper case. Even then it should display all the models of Lenovo laptops. That means we should perform a case-insensitive check.
Case-insensitive means the string which you are comparing should exactly be the same as a string which is to be compared but both strings can be either in upper case or lower case. (ie., different cases)
Example 1: Conversion to lower case for comparison
In this example, the user string and each list item are converted into lowercase and then the comparison is made.
Python3
# conversion to lowercase for search#function to search itemdef check_Laptops(): laptops = ['Msi', 'Lenovo', 'Hp', 'Dell'] your_laptop = 'lenovo' # 'lenovo' is in lower case but it is present in the list of laptops. for lapy in laptops: #convert to lowercase and compare if your_laptop.lower() == lapy.lower(): return True else: return False# If the function returns trueif check_Laptops(): print('Laptop is present') # If function returns falseelse: print('Laptop is not present') |
Laptop is present
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is length of laptops list.
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Example 2: Conversion to uppercase for comparison
In this example, the user string and each list item are converted into uppercase and then the comparison is made.
Python3
# conversion to upper case# Function to search itemdef check_Laptops(): laptops = ['Msi', 'Lenovo', 'Hp', 'Dell'] your_laptop = 'HP' # 'HP' is in upper case but it is # present in the list of laptops. for lapy in laptops: # convert to uppercase and compare if your_laptop.upper() == lapy.upper(): return True else: return Falseif check_Laptops(): #If the function is true print('Laptop is present')else: #If the function returns false print('Laptop is not present') |
Laptop is present
Example 3:
In this example, the string is not present in the list. So case-insensitive search also returns false.
Python3
# Function to search itemdef check_Laptops(): laptops = ['Msi', 'Lenovo', 'Hp', 'Dell'] your_laptop = 'Acer' for lapy in laptops: #convert to lower and compare if your_laptop.lower() == lapy.lower(): return True else: return Falseif check_Laptops(): # If the function returns false print('Laptop is present')else: # If the function returns false print('Laptop is not present') |
Laptop is not present
Example 4: Comparison using casefold()
The casefold() method works similar to lower() method. But compared to lower() method it performs a strict string comparison by removing all case distinctions present in the string. In German, ‘β‘ is equivalent to “ss“. But every user might not know German, so casefold() method converts German letter ‘β’ to ‘ss’ whereas we cannot convert German letter ‘β’ to ‘ss’ by using lower() method.
In this example, we are checking whether our classroom is present in the list of classrooms or not.
Python3
#initial listclassrooms=['class1','class2','CLASS3','class4','class5']# class to be searchedclass_room='claß3'#' claß3' means 'class3'#function to search itemdef search_classroom(): for classes in classrooms: if class_room.casefold()==classes.casefold(): return True else: return Falseif search_classroom(): # If function returns true print('Classroom you are searching is present')else: # If function returns false print('Classroom you are searching is not present') |
Classroom you are searching is present
These are the methods in Python for case-insensitive string comparison.
