Android is an open-source operating system, based on the Linux kernel and used in mobile devices like smartphones, tablets, etc. Further, it was developed for smartwatches and Android TV. Each of them has a specialized interface. Android has been one of the best-selling OS for smartphones. Android OS was developed by Android Inc. which Google bought in 2005. Various applications like games, music player, camera, etc. are built for these smartphones for running on Android. Google Play Store features quite 3.3 million apps. Today, Android remains dominant on a global scale. Approximately 75% of the world population prefers using Android as against 15% of iOS. It is an operating system that has a huge market for apps.
It is known to everyone that how popular is Android nowadays. Now the questions arise are, Why Android(Decide the Goal First?), how to start? Where to start? What topics one should cover? etc, etc. Do you need to learn all the concepts from a book or you should go with some online tutorials or you should learn Android by doing some projects on it? So in this article, we are going to discuss all these things in detail.
Why Android? (Decide the Goal First?)
So before jumping into the complete Roadmap of Android one should have a clear goal in his/her mind that why he/she wants to learn Android? Is it for your college academic projects? or is it for your long-term career? or do you want to build your apps to start your business? So first make a clear goal. Why do you want to learn Android? For example, if you want to learn Android for your college Academic projects then it’s enough to just learn the beginner things in Android. Similarly, if you want to build your long term career then you should learn the professional or advanced things also. So it’s on your hand and it’s your decision why you want to learn Android.
How to Learn Android?
In Android, programming is done in two languages JAVA or Kotlin and XML(Extension Markup Language). The XML file deals with the design, presentation, layouts, blueprint, etc (as a front-end) while the JAVA or KOTLIN deals with working of buttons, variables, storing, etc (as a back-end). And the biggest confusion for an Android beginner is which language to choose between Java and Kotlin? So let me try to overcome the confusion first.
Java or Kotlin?
Kotlin is the official language for Android App Development Declared by Google and it is the most used language as well. Many of the apps in the Play Store are built with Kotlin and it is also the most supported language by Google. Kotlin is fast and easy than java. Kotlin also include Lot of new features and libraries that is not present in Java.
Java is the native language used by Android, applications that helps to communicate with the operating system and hardware that directly uses Java. This language allows the creation of any program and supports almost all types of machines, and OS X be it Android, Windows, or Linux. Java was developed by Sun Microsystems (now the property of Oracle) and one can use Microservices with Java.
Kotlin is a cross-platform programming language that can be used as an alternative to Java for Android App Development. It has also been declared “official” language by google . The only sizable difference is that Kotlin removes one of the features of Java such as null pointer exceptions. It also removes the use of semicolon at the end of every line . In short, Kotlin is much simpler for beginners as compared to Java and Now most of developer also shift from java to Kotlin for Android App Development.
So my recommendation for a beginner is to go with Kotlin . Why Kotlin? Kotlin is approved by google and Google has already declared Kotlin as a official language . Kotlin is very easy and fast than java and code of kotlin is very short and neat than Java.
Learning Resources
There are plenty of resources and videos available online and it’s confusing for developers where to start learning all the concepts. Initially, as a beginner, if you get overwhelmed with so many concepts then don’t be afraid and stop learning. Have patience, explore, and stay committed to it.
The best way to learn Android is by developing some baby projects to some advanced projects.
Some useful learning resource links available at neveropen:
A Roadmap to Learn
Start with the Overview of Android. Read some android related blogs and also research some Android-related things. For example read blogs on Introduction to Android Development, History of Android, Different Versions of Android, and also topics like Why Kotlin will replace Java for Android App Development, etc. etc. and make a complete mind makeup to start your journey on Android. Make yourself self-motivated to learn Android and build some awesome projects on Android. Do it regularly and also start learning one by one new concept on Android. It will be very better to join some workshops or conferences on Android before you start your journey. Make your goal clear and move on toward your goal.
1) Programming
One may consider this step as a prerequisite. Learn these programming languages before you start learning Android.
- Java Programming Language
- Kotlin Programming Language
- Sound Knowledge of XML (Extensible Markup Language)
2) Android Studio
It’s better to know your tools before you are going to use it. Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment for Google’s Android operating system, built on JetBrains’ IntelliJ IDEA software and designed specifically for Android development.
- File Structure:
- AndroidManifest.xml file
- Java file
- Drawable file
- Layout file
- mipmap file
- colors.xml file
- strings.xml file
- styles.xml file
- build.gradle(Module: app) file
- Android Studio Overview:
- Create a new project
- Reopen, close, save the project
- Create a new activity, classes, drawable resource files
- Run the app on AVD of Emulator or in a real device etc.
3) Android Components
There are some necessary building blocks that an Android application consists of. These loosely coupled components are bound by the application manifest file which contains a description of each component and how they interact.
- Activity:
- Activity life cycle
- Handle Activity State Changes
- Understand Tasks and Back Stack
- Processes and Application Lifecycle
- Services:
- Types of Android Services
- The Life Cycle of Android Services
- Content Provider:
- Content URI
- Operations in Content Provider
- Working of the Content Provider
- Creating a Content Provider
- Broadcast Receiver:
- Implicit Broadcast Exceptions
4) Simple UI Design
After you got an idea about the different components of Android then start exploring some simple UI design which is given below.
- Explore different layouts:
- Frame
- Linear
- Relative
- Constraint
- View Elements:
- TextView
- EditText
- Buttons
- ImageView
- Intent:
- Implicit
- Explicit
- Intent Filter
5) Complex UI Design
Once you have a command on simple UI design then solely move to the complex UI design part such as:
- ListView
- RecycleVIew
- Fragments
- Dialogs
- Toast
- Bottom Sheets
- Navigation Drawer
- Tabs
- Material Design
- Some inserting Animations
6) Storage
In Android, there are three types of the storage system:
- Shared Preferences
- File System
- Database
- RoomDB
7) Build
- Gradle
- Debug/ Release Configuration
8) Threading
- Threads
- Looper
9) Debugging
One of the most important skills of a developer is debugging skills. So the developer must learn these things:
- Exceptions
- Error Handling
- Logging
- Memory Profiling
10) Memory Leaks
- Cause of memory leaks
- Detecting and fixing memory leaks
- Context
11) Third-Party Libraries
- Image Loading Libraries
- Glide
- Picasso
- Fresco
- COIL
- Dependency Injection
- Dragger
- Networking
- Retrofit
- Multithreading
- Coroutines
- Rxjava
12) Android Jetpack
On its official site, it says Android Jetpack is a set of libraries, tools, and architectural guidance to help make it quick and easy to build great Android apps. It provides common infrastructure code so you can focus on what makes your app unique.
- AppCompat library
- Architecture components,
- Animation and transitions
- Android Ktx
- Navigation
- Paging
- Slices
- WorkManager
13) Android Architecture
The three famous architecture in the Android world are:
- MVVM (Model–View–ViewModel)
- MVI (Model-View-Intent)
- MVP (Model View Presenter)
14) Firebase
- FCM (Firebase Cloud Messaging)
- Analytics
- Remote Config
- App Indexing
15) Unit Testing
- Local Unit Testing
- Instrumentation Testing
16) Security
- Encrypt / Decrypt
- Proguard
17) App Release
- Signed APK
- Play Store
18) Keep Practicing and Read Some Android Tips
“Practice makes a man perfect” which tells the importance of continuous practice in any subject to learn anything. So keep practicing and read some Android tips such as Tips to Improve Your Android Development Skills, Tips to Get Your Android App Featured on Google Play Store, etc. Below is a complete diagrammatical representation of the Android Roadmap.
