In Java, the Stream interface has a map() and flatmap() methods and both have intermediate stream operation and return another stream as method output. Both of the functions map() and flatMap are used for transformation and mapping operations. map() function produces one output for one input value, whereas flatMap() function produces an arbitrary no of values as output (ie zero or more than zero) for each input value.
The Syntax of the map() is represented as:
<R> Stream<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper)
The Syntax of the flatMap() is represented as:-
<R> Stream<R> flatMap(Function<? super T, ? extends Stream<? extends R>> mapper)
Where R is the element type of the new stream. The stream is an interface and T is the type of stream elements and mapper is a stateless function that is applied to each element and the function returns the new stream.
map() can be used where we have to map the elements of a particular collection to a certain function, and then we need to return the stream which contains the updated results.
Example: Multiplying All the elements of the list by 3 and returning the updated list.
flatMap() can be used where we have to flatten or transform out the string, as we cannot flatten our string using map().
Example: Getting the 1st Character of all the String present in a List of Strings and returning the result in form of a stream.
Difference Between map() and flatmap()
| map() | flatMap() |
|---|---|
| The function passed to map() operation returns a single value for a single input. | The function you pass to flatmap() operation returns an arbitrary number of values as the output. |
| One-to-one mapping occurs in map(). | One-to-many mapping occurs in flatMap(). |
| Only perform the mapping. | Perform mapping as well as flattening. |
| Produce a stream of value. | Produce a stream of stream value. |
| map() is used only for transformation. | flatMap() is used both for transformation and mapping. |
Below are the Java Programs using map() function:
Java
// Java program using map() functionimport java.io.*;import java.util.*;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.stream.Collectors;class GFG { public static void main(String[] args) { // making the array list object ArrayList<String> fruit = new ArrayList<>(); fruit.add("Apple"); fruit.add("mango"); fruit.add("pineapple"); fruit.add("kiwi"); System.out.println("List of fruit-" + fruit); // lets use map() to convert list of fruit List list = fruit.stream() .map(s -> s.length()) .collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("List generated by map-" + list); }} |
Output:
List of fruit-[Apple, mango, pineapple, kiwi] List generated by map-[5, 5, 9, 4]
Below is the Java Program using flatMap():
Java
// Java program using flatMap() functionimport java.io.*;import java.util.*;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import java.util.stream.Collectors;class GFG { public static void main(String[] args) { // making the arraylist object of List of Integer List<List<Integer> > number = new ArrayList<>(); // adding the elements to number arraylist number.add(Arrays.asList(1, 2)); number.add(Arrays.asList(3, 4)); number.add(Arrays.asList(5, 6)); number.add(Arrays.asList(7, 8)); System.out.println("List of list-" + number); // using flatmap() to flatten this list List<Integer> flatList = number.stream() .flatMap(list -> list.stream()) .collect(Collectors.toList()); // printing the list System.out.println("List generate by flatMap-" + flatList); }} |
List of list-[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8]] List generate by flatMap-[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
