REST APIs provide us a functionality with the help of which we can add data to our database using REST API. For posting this data to our database we have to use the Post method of REST API to post our data. We can post data to our API in different formats. In this article, we will take a look at How to Post raw whole JSON in the body of a Retrofit Request. A sample video is given below to get an idea about what we are going to do in this article.
Note: This Android article covered in both Java and Kotlin languages.
Step by Step Implementation
Step 1: Create a New Project in Android Studio
To create a new project in Android Studio please refer to How to Create/Start a New Project in Android Studio.
Step 2: Add the below dependency in your build.gradle file
Navigate to the Gradle Scripts > build.gradle(Module:app) and add the below dependency in the dependencies section.
// below dependency for using the retrofit implementation ‘com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.9.0’ implementation ‘com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.5.0’
After adding this dependency sync your project and now move towards the AndroidManifest.xml part.
Step 3: Adding permissions to the internet in the AndroidManifest.xml file
Navigate to the app > AndroidManifest.xml and add the below code to it.
XML
<!--permissions for INTERNET--><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/> |
Step 4: Working with the activity_main.xml file
Navigate to the app > res > layout > activity_main.xml and add the below code to that file. Below is the code for the activity_main.xml file.
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <!--edit text field for adding name--> <EditText android:id="@+id/idEdtName" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:layout_marginTop="40dp" android:hint="Enter your name" /> <!--edit text for adding job--> <EditText android:id="@+id/idEdtJob" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:hint="Enter your job" /> <!--button for adding data--> <Button android:id="@+id/idBtnPost" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="20dp" android:text="Send Data to API" android:textAllCaps="false" /> <!--text view for displaying our API response--> <TextView android:id="@+id/idTVResponse" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_margin="10dp" android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:text="Response" android:textAlignment="center" android:textSize="15sp" /> <!--progress bar for loading --> <ProgressBar android:id="@+id/idLoadingPB" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center" android:visibility="gone" /> </LinearLayout> |
Step 5: Creating a modal class for storing our data
Navigate to the app > java > your app’s package name > Right-click on it > New > Kotlin class and name it as DataModal and add the below code to it. Comments are added inside the code to understand the code in more detail.
Kotlin
package com.gtappdevelopers.kotlingfgproject data class DataModal( // on below line we are creating // variables for name and job var name: String, var job: String) |
Java
public class DataModal { // string variables for our name and job private String name; private String job; public DataModal(String name, String job) { this.name = name; this.job = job; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getJob() { return job; } public void setJob(String job) { this.job = job; } } |
Step 6: Creating an Interface class for our API Call
Navigate to the app > java > your app’s package name > Right-click on it > New > Java class select it as Interface and name the file as RetrofitAPI and add the below code to it. Comments are added inside the code to understand the code in more detail.
Kotlin
package com.gtappdevelopers.kotlingfgproject import retrofit2.Callimport retrofit2.http.Bodyimport retrofit2.http.POST interface RetrofitAPI { // as we are making a post request to post a data // so we are annotating it with post // and along with that we are passing a parameter as users @POST("users") // on below line we are creating a method to post our data. fun postData(@Body dataModal: DataModal?): Call<DataModal?>?} |
Java
import retrofit2.Call;import retrofit2.http.Body;import retrofit2.http.POST; public interface RetrofitAPI { // as we are making a post request to post a data // so we are annotating it with post // and along with that we are passing a parameter as users @POST("users") // on below line we are creating a method to post our data. Call<DataModal> createPost(@Body DataModal dataModal);} |
Step 7: Working with the MainActivity file
Navigate to app > java > your app’s package name > MainActivity file and add the below code to it. Comments are added in the code to get to know in detail.
Kotlin
package com.gtappdevelopers.kotlingfgproject import android.os.Bundleimport android.view.Viewimport android.widget.*import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivityimport retrofit2.Callimport retrofit2.Callbackimport retrofit2.Responseimport retrofit2.Retrofitimport retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { // on below line we are creating variables. lateinit var nameEdt: EditText lateinit var jobEdt: EditText lateinit var postBtn: Button lateinit var loadingPB: ProgressBar lateinit var responseTV: TextView override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) // on below line we are initializing our variables. nameEdt = findViewById(R.id.idEdtName) jobEdt = findViewById(R.id.idEdtJob) postBtn = findViewById(R.id.idBtnPost) loadingPB = findViewById(R.id.idLoadingPB) responseTV = findViewById(R.id.idTVResponse) postBtn.setOnClickListener { if (nameEdt.text.toString().isEmpty() || jobEdt.text.toString().isEmpty()) { Toast.makeText( this@MainActivity, "Please enter both the values", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT ).show(); return@setOnClickListener } // calling a method to post the data and passing our name and job. postData(nameEdt.getText().toString(), jobEdt.getText().toString()); } } private fun postData(name: String, job: String) { // below line is for displaying our progress bar. loadingPB.visibility = View.VISIBLE // on below line we are creating a retrofit // builder and passing our base url val retrofit = Retrofit.Builder() // as we are sending data in json format so // we have to add Gson converter factory .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) // at last we are building our retrofit builder. .build() // below line is to create an instance for our retrofit api class. val retrofitAPI = retrofit.create(RetrofitAPI::class.java) // passing data from our text fields to our modal class. val dataModal: DataModal = DataModal(name, job) // calling a method to create a post and passing our modal class. val call: Call<DataModal?>? = retrofitAPI.postData(dataModal) // on below line we are executing our method. call!!.enqueue(object : Callback<DataModal?> { override fun onResponse(call: Call<DataModal?>?, response: Response<DataModal?>) { // this method is called when we get response from our api. Toast.makeText(this@MainActivity, "Data added to API", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() // below line is for hiding our progress bar. loadingPB.visibility = View.GONE // on below line we are setting empty text // to our both edit text. jobEdt.setText("") nameEdt.setText("") // we are getting response from our body // and passing it to our modal class. val response: DataModal? = response.body() // on below line we are getting our data from modal class // and adding it to our string. val responseString = "Response Code : " + "201" + "\n" + "Name : " + response!!.name + "Job : " + response!!.job // below line we are setting our // string to our text view. responseTV.text = responseString } override fun onFailure(call: Call<DataModal?>?, t: Throwable) { // setting text to our text view when // we get error response from API. responseTV.text = "Error found is : " + t.message } }) }} |
Java
package com.gtappdevelopers.kotlingfgproject; import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.ProgressBar;import android.widget.TextView;import android.widget.Toast;import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;import retrofit2.Call;import retrofit2.Callback;import retrofit2.Response;import retrofit2.Retrofit;import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { // creating variables for our edittext, // button, textview and progressbar. private EditText nameEdt, jobEdt; private Button postDataBtn; private TextView responseTV; private ProgressBar loadingPB; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // initializing our views nameEdt = findViewById(R.id.idEdtName); jobEdt = findViewById(R.id.idEdtJob); postDataBtn = findViewById(R.id.idBtnPost); responseTV = findViewById(R.id.idTVResponse); loadingPB = findViewById(R.id.idLoadingPB); // adding on click listener to our button. postDataBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // validating if the text field is empty or not. if (nameEdt.getText().toString().isEmpty() && jobEdt.getText().toString().isEmpty()) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Please enter both the values", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } // calling a method to post the data and passing our name and job. postData(nameEdt.getText().toString(), jobEdt.getText().toString()); } }); } private void postData(String name, String job) { // below line is for displaying our progress bar. loadingPB.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); // on below line we are creating a retrofit // builder and passing our base url Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() // as we are sending data in json format so // we have to add Gson converter factory .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) // at last we are building our retrofit builder. .build(); // below line is to create an instance for our retrofit api class. RetrofitAPI retrofitAPI = retrofit.create(RetrofitAPI.class); // passing data from our text fields to our modal class. DataModal modal = new DataModal(name, job); // calling a method to create a post and passing our modal class. Call<DataModal> call = retrofitAPI.createPost(modal); // on below line we are executing our method. call.enqueue(new Callback<DataModal>() { @Override public void onResponse(Call<DataModal> call, Response<DataModal> response) { // this method is called when we get response from our api. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Data added to API", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); // below line is for hiding our progress bar. loadingPB.setVisibility(View.GONE); // on below line we are setting empty text // to our both edit text. jobEdt.setText(""); nameEdt.setText(""); // we are getting response from our body // and passing it to our modal class. DataModal responseFromAPI = response.body(); // on below line we are getting our data from modal class // and adding it to our string. String responseString = "Response Code : " + response.code() + "\nName : " + responseFromAPI.getName() + "\n" + "Job : " + responseFromAPI.getJob(); // below line we are setting our // string to our text view. responseTV.setText(responseString); } @Override public void onFailure(Call<DataModal> call, Throwable t) { // setting text to our text view when // we get error response from API. responseTV.setText("Error found is : " + t.getMessage()); } }); }} |
Now run your app and see the output of the app.
Output:
