Double hashing is a technique in an open addressing scheme. and there is the ordinary hash function. In an open addressing scheme, the actual hash function is taking the ordinary hash function when its space is not empty then it will perform another hash function to get some space to insert. Double hashing is a collision resolving technique in an Open Addressed Hash tables. It uses the idea of applying a second hash function (myhash2) as mentioned in the code to the key when a collision occurs.
It is the technique that is used in open addressing. In this, we will use two hash functions. The first function used, is similar to linear probing(Linear probing is a scheme in computer programming for resolving collisions in hash tables, data structures for maintaining a collection of key-value pairs and looking up the value associated with a given key), table size or the “key-mod” but if the collision occurs, then the second hash function is applied.
Note: It is used in open addressing, in which we used to hash function. The first function is used as same in linear probing (HASH_TABLE_SIZE or key-mod) but if the collision occur then the second hash function can be applied.
There are two conditions we need to keep in mind.
- Our second hash function never evaluates to zero.
- It must be reachable to cells i.e. all cells must probe first.
Algorithm:
h1(key) = key% hash_table_size
h2(key) = PM-(key%PM)*PM // where PM is prime number
Implementation:
Example
Java
// Java Program to implement hashtable in// double hashing// Importing input output classesimport java.io.*;// Class 1// Helper Class// LinkedHashEntryclass ValueEntry { // Member variables of the class String key; int value; // Constructor of this class // Parameterized constructor ValueEntry(String key, int value) { // This keyword refers to current object // for assigning values to same object itself this.key = key; // this operator is pointer which contains location // of that container that have key and value pairs this.value = value; }}// Class 2// Helper Class// HashTableclass HashTable { // Member variable of this class private int HASH_TABLE_SIZE; private int size; private ValueEntry[] table; private int totalprimeSize; // Constructor of this class // Parameterized constructor public HashTable(int ts) { // Initializing the member variables size = 0; HASH_TABLE_SIZE = ts; table = new ValueEntry[HASH_TABLE_SIZE]; // Iterating using for loop over table for (int i = 0; i < HASH_TABLE_SIZE; i++) table[i] = null; totalprimeSize = getPrime(); } // Method 1 // To check for the prime number public int getPrime() { // Iterating using for loop in reverse order for (int i = HASH_TABLE_SIZE - 1; i >= 1; i--) { // Initially assigning count to zero int cnt = 0; // Now, iterating from 2 upto the desired number // to be checked by dividing it with all no // in between [2 - no] for (int j = 2; j * j <= i; j++) // If number is divisible // means not a prime number if (i % j == 0) // So simply move to next number // to check for divisibility by // incrementing the count variable cnt++; // By now number is not divisible // hence count holds 0 till last if (cnt == 0) // It means it is a prime number so // return the number as it is a prime number return i; } // Returning a prime number return 3; } // Method 2 // To get number of key-value pairs public int getSize() { return size; } public boolean isEmpty() { return size == 0; } // /* Function to clear hash table */ public void makeEmpty() { size = 0; for (int i = 0; i < HASH_TABLE_SIZE; i++) table[i] = null; } // Method 3 // To get value of a key public int getkey(String key) { int hash1 = myhash1(key); int hash2 = myhash2(key); while (table[hash1] != null && !table[hash1].key.equals(key)) { hash1 += hash2; hash1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; } return table[hash1].value; } // Method 4 // To insert a key value pair public void insert(String key, int value) { // checking the size of table and // comparing it with users input value if (size == HASH_TABLE_SIZE) { // Display message System.out.println("Table is full"); return; } int hashing1 = myhash1(key); int hashing2 = myhash2(key); while (table[hashing1] != null) { hashing1 += hashing2; hashing1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; } table[hashing1] = new ValueEntry(key, value); size++; } // Method 5 // To remove a key public void remove(String key) { int hash1 = myhash1(key); int hash2 = myhash2(key); while (table[hash1] != null && !table[hash1].key.equals(key)) { hash1 += hash2; hash1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; } table[hash1] = null; size--; } // Method 6 // Function gives a hash value for a given // string basically it is linear probing private int myhash1(String y) { int myhashVal1 = y.hashCode(); myhashVal1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; if (myhashVal1 < 0) myhashVal1 += HASH_TABLE_SIZE; return myhashVal1; } // Method 7 // Remember that the above function namely 'myhash' // is used for double hashing // Now after linear probing, quadratic probing // is used in which two myhash functions are used // as it is double chaining private int myhash2(String y) { int myhashVal2 = y.hashCode(); myhashVal2 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; if (myhashVal2 < 0) myhashVal2 += HASH_TABLE_SIZE; return totalprimeSize - myhashVal2 % totalprimeSize; } // Method 8 // To print the hash table public void printHashTable() { // Display message System.out.println("\nHash Table"); for (int i = 0; i < HASH_TABLE_SIZE; i++) if (table[i] != null) System.out.println(table[i].key + " " + table[i].value); }}// Class 3// Main class// Class for DoubleHashingHashTableTestpublic class GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String[] args) { // Display message System.out.println("Hash Table Testing"); // Creating an object of HashTable // in the main() method // Custom hashtable of size 100 // means 100 key-value pairs the // above hashtable can hold HashTable ht = new HashTable(100); // Inserting custom values to the hashtable // that is key and value pairs // Custom inputs ht.insert("prime", 97); ht.insert("even", 96); ht.insert("odd", 95); // Printing hash table after insertion of // key value pairs and calling function // which prints out the hashtable. // // Calling the function as usual // with the help of objects ht.printHashTable(); }} |
Output
Hash Table Testing Hash Table prime 97 even 96 odd 95
Example 2
Java
// Java Program to implement hashtable in// double hashing// Here performing additional task// which is to remove the entered items// Importing input output classesimport java.io.*;// Importing all classes from java.util packageimport java.util.*;// Class 1// Class LinkedHashEntryclass ValueEntry { // Member variables of this class String key; int value; // Constructor of this class // Parameterized constructor ValueEntry(String key, int value) { // 'This' keyword refers to the current object itself // to assign the values this.key = key; // This keyword is pointer which contains location // of that container that have key and value pairs this.value = value; }}// Class 2// Helper class// Class HashTableclass HashTable { // Member variable of this class private int HASH_TABLE_SIZE; private int size; private ValueEntry[] table; private int totalprimeSize; // Constructor of this class // Parameterized constructor public HashTable(int ts) { // Initially, initializing the parameters // to some values size = 0; HASH_TABLE_SIZE = ts; table = new ValueEntry[HASH_TABLE_SIZE]; // Iterating using for loop over table for (int i = 0; i < HASH_TABLE_SIZE; i++) // Initially table is empty table[i] = null; totalprimeSize = getPrime(); } // Method 1 // To check for the prime number public int getPrime() { // Iterating over hashtable using nested for loops // in reverse order for (int i = HASH_TABLE_SIZE - 1; i >= 1; i--) { // Initially count is zero int cnt = 0; for (int j = 2; j * j <= i; j++) if (i % j == 0) cnt++; if (cnt == 0) return i; } // Returning a prime number return 3; } // Method 2 // To get number of key-value pairs public int getSize() { return size; } public boolean isEmpty() { return size == 0; } // Method 3 // To clear the hash table public void makeEmpty() { // Initially size set to zero size = 0; for (int i = 0; i < HASH_TABLE_SIZE; i++) table[i] = null; } // Method 3 // To get value of a key public int getkey(String key) { int hash1 = myhash1(key); int hash2 = myhash2(key); while (table[hash1] != null && !table[hash1].key.equals(key)) { hash1 += hash2; hash1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; } return table[hash1].value; } // Method 4 // To insert a key-value pair public void insert(String key, int value) { // Checking the size of table and // comparing it with users input value if (size == HASH_TABLE_SIZE) { // Display message System.out.println("Table is full"); return; } int hashing1 = myhash1(key); int hashing2 = myhash2(key); while (table[hashing1] != null) { hashing1 += hashing2; hashing1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; } table[hashing1] = new ValueEntry(key, value); size++; } // Method 4 // To remove a key from hashtable public void remove(String key) { int hash1 = myhash1(key); int hash2 = myhash2(key); while (table[hash1] != null && !table[hash1].key.equals(key)) { hash1 += hash2; hash1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; } table[hash1] = null; size--; } // Method 5 // This method returns a hash value for a given // string as it is linear probing private int myhash1(String y) { int myhashVal1 = y.hashCode(); myhashVal1 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; if (myhashVal1 < 0) myhashVal1 += HASH_TABLE_SIZE; return myhashVal1; } // Method 6 // In this function, 'myhash'function for double hashing // after linear probing. A quadratic probing is used in // which two 'myhash' functions are used // as it is double chaining private int myhash2(String y) { int myhashVal2 = y.hashCode(); myhashVal2 %= HASH_TABLE_SIZE; if (myhashVal2 < 0) myhashVal2 += HASH_TABLE_SIZE; return totalprimeSize - myhashVal2 % totalprimeSize; } // Method 7 // To print hash table public void printHashTable() { // Display message System.out.println("\nHash Table"); // Iterating over the table for (int i = 0; i < HASH_TABLE_SIZE; i++) if (table[i] != null) System.out.println(table[i].key + " " + table[i].value); }}// Class 3// Main class// Class for DoubleHashingHashTableTestpublic class GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String[] args) { // Display message System.out.println("Hash Table Testing"); // Step 1: Creating an object of hashtable // of custom size 100 which signifies // table can hold 100 key-value pairs HashTable ht = new HashTable(100); // Step 2: Adding(appending) the values to // the hashtable object // Custom inputs of key-value pairs ht.insert("prime", 97); ht.insert("even", 96); ht.insert("odd", 95); // Step 3: Printing hash table after insertion // of key-value pairs // Calling print hash table function using object // we call it with object.function_name ht.printHashTable(); // Primarily goal of the program // Step 4: Removing elements with using key values // using the remove() method ht.remove("prime"); ht.printHashTable(); }} |
Output
Hash Table Testing Hash Table prime 97 even 96 odd 95 Hash Table even 96 odd 95
Similarly, we can get the size of hashed table, can clear the elements from hash table, can get our desired element in hash function. In order to get
- For size can use ht.getSize()
- For element can use ht.get(String)
Where ht is object name. In the same way, we can call our other functions in the above code.
