Given a number N, remove exactly one digit to make the number divisible by 6 (make it the largest possible). Print the position that has to be removed, If not possible then print -1.
Examples:
Input: 123 Output: 3 Explanation: Remove 3rd position element and hence the number is 12, which is divisible by 6 and is the greatest possible. Input: 134 Output: -1 Explanation: Not possible to remove any and make it divisible by 6. Input: 4510222 Output: 1 Explanation: Remove either 4 or 1 to make it divisible by 6. The numbers after removing 4 and 1 are 510222 and 450222 respectively. So, remove 1st position to make it the greatest possible.
Naive Approach:
Traverse for every element and check if by subtracting it the number is divisible by 6 or not and then store the max possible number. This won’t work when N is a very large number whose divisibility cannot be checked by % operator. It will only work for smaller N.
Efficient Approach:
Take the input as a string and think of the possible cases. You can check any larger number’s divisibility by 6 if it is divisible by 2 and 3, then it is divisible by 6 also. The two cases that will arise are :-
1) When the unit’s digit is odd
When the last digit is odd, the only possible way is to remove the last digit to make it divisible by 6. So remove the last digit and check if the sum % 3 == 0 to make sure that after removing the last digit, the second last digit of N is even and its sum % 3 == 0, then you get your answer as Nth position that has to be removed. If any of the cases fail, then you cannot remove any digit to make it divisible by 6.
2) When the unit’s digit is even
In this case, multiple choices are there. Let sum be sum of digits of given number. We can delete any digit d (except unit place digit if ten’s place digit is odd, so that the number remains a multiple of 2) for which sum % 3 == d % 3. This works because after deleting that digit, sum is a multiple of 3.
Now, to maximize this number, we need to find the digit at largest place satisfying above condition.
Examples:
1. Number = 4510222
sum of digits = 4 + 5 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 16
sum % 3 = 1
Now, we can delete digits 1 and 4 (because 1 % 3 = 3 and 4 % 3 = 1)
If we delete 1, we get number 450222. If we delete 4, we get number 510222
We delete the largest digit (leftmost) for which the next digit is greater than deleted digit.
2. Number = 7510222
sum of digits = 7 + 5 + 1 + 0 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 19
sum % 3 = 1
Digits 7 and 1 can be deleted according to above solution, giving numbers 510222 and 750222 respectively. Here, deleting largest (leftmost) index give smaller result because 7 > 5. This worked in above case because 4 < 5.
Correct Solution:
Find leftmost digit satisfying both the constraints
1. sum % 3 == digit % 3
2. digit < Immediate next digit
If you can’t maximize the addition of something, try to minimize it’s reduction. In case no digit is found such that digit is less than Immediate right digit than follow the above approach. If you remove something from right, the number will be the maximum possible as you are removing the lowest place value digit.
Once done print the index if any such element is found else simply print -1.
Below is the implementation of above approach:-
C++
// C++ program to print digit's position // to be removed to make number // divisible by 6 #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // function to print the number divisible // by 6 after exactly removing a digit void greatest(string s) { int n = s.length(); int a[n]; // stores the sum of all elements int sum = 0; // traverses the string and converts // string to number array and sums up for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++) { a[i] = s[i] - '0' ; sum += a[i]; } if (a[n - 1] % 2) // ODD CHECK { // if second last is odd or // sum of n-1 elements are not // divisible by 3. if (a[n - 2] % 2 != 0 or (sum - a[n - 1]) % 3 != 0) { cout << "-1" << endl; } // second last is even and // print n-1 elements // removing last digit else { // last digit removed cout << n << endl; } } else { int re = sum % 3; int del = -1; // counter to check if any // element after removing, // its sum%3==0 int flag = 0; // traverse till second last element for ( int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { // to check if any element // after removing, // its sum%3==0 if ((a[i]) % 3 == re) { // the leftmost element if (a[i + 1] > a[i]) { del = i; flag = 1; // break at the leftmost // element break ; } else { // stores the right most // element del = i; } } } // if no element has been found // as a[i+1]>a[i] if (flag == 0) { // if second last is even, then // remove last if (sum-last)%3==0 if (a[n - 2] % 2 == 0 and re == a[n - 1] % 3) del = n - 1; } // if no element which on removing // gives sum%3==0 if (del == -1) cout << -1 << endl; else { cout << del + 1 << endl; } } } // driver program to test the above function int main() { string s = "7510222" ; greatest(s); return 0; } |
Java
// Java program to print digit's position // to be removed to make number // divisible by 6 import java.util.*; class solution { // function to print the number divisible // by 6 after exactly removing a digit static void greatest(String s) { int n = s.length(); int [] a = new int [n]; // stores the sum of all elements int sum = 0 ; // traverses the string and converts // string to number array and sums up for ( int i = 0 ; i < n; i++) { a[i] = s.charAt(i) - '0' ; sum += a[i]; } if (a[n - 1 ] % 2 != 0 ) // ODD CHECK { // if second last is odd or // sum of n-1 elements are not // divisible by 3. if (a[n - 2 ] % 2 != 0 || (sum - a[n - 1 ]) % 3 != 0 ) { System.out.println( "-1" ); } // second last is even and // print n-1 elements // removing last digit else { // last digit removed System.out.println(n); } } else { int re = sum % 3 ; int del = - 1 ; // counter to check if any // element after removing, // its sum%3==0 int flag = 0 ; // traverse till second last element for ( int i = 0 ; i < n - 1 ; i++) { // to check if any element // after removing, // its sum%3==0 if ((a[i]) % 3 == re) { // the leftmost element if (a[i + 1 ] > a[i]) { del = i; flag = 1 ; // break at the leftmost // element break ; } else { // stores the right most // element del = i; } } } // if no element has been found // as a[i+1]>a[i] if (flag == 0 ) { // if second last is even, then // remove last if (sum-last)%3==0 if (a[n - 2 ] % 2 == 0 && re == a[n - 1 ] % 3 ) del = n - 1 ; } // if no element which on removing // gives sum%3==0 if (del == - 1 ) System.out.println(- 1 ); else { System.out.println(del + 1 ); } } } // driver program to test the above function public static void main(String args[]) { String s = "7510222" ; greatest(s); } } //This code is contributed by //Surendra_Gangwar |
Python3
# Python program to print digit's position # to be removed to make number # divisible by 6 import math as mt # function to print the number divisible # by 6 after exactly removing a digit def greatest(s): n = len (s) a = [ 0 for i in range (n)] # stores the Sum of all elements Sum = 0 # traverses the string and converts # string to number array and Sums up for i in range (n): a[i] = ord (s[i]) - ord ( '0' ) Sum + = a[i] if (a[n - 1 ] % 2 ): # ODD CHECK # if second last is odd or # Sum of n-1 elements are not # divisible by 3. if (a[n - 2 ] % 2 ! = 0 or ( Sum - a[n - 1 ]) % 3 ! = 0 ): print ( "-1" ) # second last is even and # print n-1 elements # removing last digit else : # last digit removed print (n) else : re = Sum % 3 dell = - 1 # counter to check if any # element after removing, # its Sum%3==0 flag = 0 # traverse till second last element for i in range (n - 1 ): # to check if any element # after removing, # its Sum%3==0 if ((a[i]) % 3 = = re): # the leftmost element if (a[i + 1 ] > a[i]): dell = i flag = 1 # break at the leftmost # element break else : # stores the right most # element dell = i # if no element has been found # as a[i+1]>a[i] if (flag = = 0 ): # if second last is even, then # remove last if (Sum-last)%3==0 if (a[n - 2 ] % 2 = = 0 and re = = a[n - 1 ] % 3 ): dell = n - 1 # if no element which on removing # gives Sum%3==0 if (dell = = - 1 ): print ( "-1" ) else : print (dell + 1 ) # driver program to test the above function s = "7510222" greatest(s) #This code is contributed by Mohit kumar 29 |
C#
// C# program to print digit's position // to be removed to make number // divisible by 6 using System; class GFG { // function to print the number divisible // by 6 after exactly removing a digit static void greatest( string s) { int n = s.Length; int [] a = new int [n]; // stores the sum of all elements int sum = 0; // traverses the string and converts // string to number array and sums up for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++) { a[i] = s[i] - '0' ; sum += a[i]; } if (a[n - 1] % 2 != 0) // ODD CHECK { // if second last is odd or // sum of n-1 elements are not // divisible by 3. if (a[n - 2] % 2 != 0 || (sum - a[n - 1]) % 3 != 0) { Console.Write( "-1" ); } // second last is even and // print n-1 elements // removing last digit else { // last digit removed Console.Write(n); } } else { int re = sum % 3; int del = -1; // counter to check if any // element after removing, // its sum%3==0 int flag = 0; // traverse till second last element for ( int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { // to check if any element // after removing, // its sum%3==0 if ((a[i]) % 3 == re) { // the leftmost element if (a[i + 1] > a[i]) { del = i; flag = 1; // break at the leftmost // element break ; } else { // stores the right most // element del = i; } } } // if no element has been found // as a[i+1]>a[i] if (flag == 0) { // if second last is even, then // remove last if (sum-last)%3==0 if (a[n - 2] % 2 == 0 && re == a[n - 1] % 3) del = n - 1; } // if no element which on removing // gives sum%3==0 if (del == -1) Console.Write(-1); else { Console.Write(del + 1); } } } // Driver Code public static void Main() { string s = "7510222" ; greatest(s); } } // This code is contributed // by ChitraNayal |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to print digit's position // to be removed to make number // divisible by 6 // Function to print the number divisible // by 6 after exactly removing a digit function greatest( $s ) { $n = strlen ( $s ); $a [ $n ] = array (); // stores the sum of all elements $sum = 0; // traverses the string and converts // string to number array and sums up for ( $i = 0; $i < $n ; $i ++) { $a [ $i ] = $s [ $i ] - '0' ; $sum += $a [ $i ]; } if ( $a [ $n - 1] % 2) // ODD CHECK { // if second last is odd or // sum of n-1 elements are not // divisible by 3. if ( $a [ $n - 2] % 2 != 0 or ( $sum - $a [ $n - 1]) % 3 != 0) { echo "-1" , "\n" ; } // second last is even and print n-1 // elements removing last digit else { // last digit removed echo $n , "\n" ; } } else { $re = $sum % 3; $del = -1; // counter to check if any // element after removing, // its sum%3==0 $flag = 0; // traverse till second last element for ( $i = 0; $i < $n - 1; $i ++) { // to check if any element // after removing, its sum%3==0 if (( $a [ $i ]) % 3 == $re ) { // the leftmost element if ( $a [ $i + 1] > $a [ $i ]) { $del = $i ; $flag = 1; // break at the leftmost // element break ; } else { // stores the right most // element $del = $i ; } } } // if no element has been found // as a[i+1]>a[i] if ( $flag == 0) { // if second last is even, then // remove last if (sum-last)%3==0 if ( $a [ $n - 2] % 2 == 0 and $re == $a [ $n - 1] % 3) $del = $n - 1; } // if no element which on removing // gives sum%3==0 if ( $del == -1) echo -1, "\n" ; else { echo $del + 1, "\n" ; } } } // Driver Code $s = "7510222" ; greatest( $s ); // This code is contributed by ajit ?> |
Javascript
<script> // JavaScript program to print digit's // position to be removed to make number // divisible by 6 // Function to print the number divisible // by 6 after exactly removing a digit function greatest(s) { let n = s.length; let a = new Array(n); // Stores the sum of all elements let sum = 0; // Traverses the string and converts // string to number array and sums up for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { a[i] = s[i] - '0'; sum += a[i]; } // ODD CHECK if (a[n - 1] % 2) { // If second last is odd or // sum of n-1 elements are not // divisible by 3. if (a[n - 2] % 2 != 0 || (sum - a[n - 1]) % 3 != 0) { document.write( "-1" + "<br>" ); } // Second last is even and // print n-1 elements // removing last digit else { // Last digit removed document.write(n + "<br>" ); } } else { let re = sum % 3; let del = -1; // Counter to check if any // element after removing, // its sum%3==0 let flag = 0; // Traverse till second last element for (let i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) { // To check if any element // after removing, // its sum%3==0 if ((a[i]) % 3 === re) { // The leftmost element if (a[i + 1] > a[i]) { del = i; flag = 1; // Break at the leftmost // element break ; } else { // Stores the right most // element del = i; } } } // If no element has been found // as a[i+1]>a[i] if (flag === 0) { // If second last is even, then // remove last if (sum-last)%3==0 if (a[n - 2] % 2 === 0 && re === a[n - 1] % 3) del = n - 1; } // If no element which on removing // gives sum%3==0 if (del === -1) document.write(-1 + "<br>" ); else { document.write(del + 1 + "<br>" ); } } } // Driver code let s = "7510222" ; greatest(s); // This code is contributed by Manoj. </script> |
Output:
3
Time Complexity: O(no of digits) or O(log10N) where N is the number represented by the string. As we are using a loop to transverse number of digits times
Auxiliary Space: O(no of digits), as we are using extra space for array a.
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