Given an array, find the XOR of sum of all pairs in an array.
Examples:
Input : arr[] = {1, 2, 3}
Output : 0
(1 + 1) ^ (1 + 2) ^ (1 + 3) ^ (2 + 1) ^ (2 + 2) ^
(2 + 3) ^ (3 + 1) ^ (3 + 2) ^ (3 + 3) = 0
Input : arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Output : 8
Implementation: A naive approach is to consider all the pairs one by one, calculate their XOR one after the other.
C++
// CPP program to find XOR of pair// sums.#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;int xorPairSum(int ar[], int n){ int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) sum = sum ^ (ar[i] + ar[j]); return sum;}// Driver codeint main(){ int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3 }; int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); cout << xorPairSum(arr, n); return 0;} |
Java
// Java program to find XOR of pair sums.import java.io.*; class GFG {// method to find XOR of pair sumsstatic int xorPairSum(int ar[], int n){ int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) sum = sum ^ (ar[i] + ar[j]); return sum;} // Driver code public static void main (String[] args) { int arr[] = {1, 2, 3}; int n = arr.length; System.out.print( xorPairSum(arr, n)); }}// This code is contributed by chandan_jnu. |
Python3
# Python program to find # XOR of pair sums.def xor_pair_sum(ar, n): total = 0 for i in range(n): for j in range(n): total = total ^ (ar[i] + ar[j]) return total# Driver program to test the above functionif __name__ == "__main__": data = [1, 2, 3] print(xor_pair_sum(data, len(data)))# This code is contributed# by Kanav Malhotra |
C#
// C# program to find// XOR of pair sums.using System;class GFG{ static int xorPairSum(int []ar, int n){ int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) sum = sum ^ (ar[i] + ar[j]); return sum;}// Driver codestatic public void Main(String []args){ int []arr = { 1, 2, 3 }; int n = arr.Length; Console.WriteLine(xorPairSum(arr, n));}}// This code is contributed// by Arnab Kundu |
PHP
<?php// PHP program to find // XOR of pair sums.function xorPairSum($ar, $n){ $sum = 0; for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) $sum = $sum ^ ($ar[$i] + $ar[$j]); return $sum;}// Driver code$arr = array( 1, 2, 3 );$n = count($arr);echo xorPairSum($arr, $n);// This code is contributed // by Subhadeep?> |
Javascript
<script>// JavaScript program to find XOR of pair // sums. function xorPairSum(ar, n) { let sum = 0; for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) for (let j = 0; j < n; j++) sum = sum ^ (ar[i] + ar[j]); return sum; } // Driver code let arr = [ 1, 2, 3 ]; let n = arr.length; document.write(xorPairSum(arr, n)); // This code is contributed by Surbhi Tyagi</script> |
Output
0
Time Complexity : O(N2)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Implementation: An efficient solution is based on XOR properties. We simply calculate the XOR of every element and then just multiply it by two.
C++
// CPP program to find XOR of pair// sums.#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;int xorPairSum(int ar[], int n){ int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum = sum ^ ar[i]; return 2*sum;}// Driver codeint main(){ int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3 }; int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); cout << xorPairSum(arr, n); return 0;} |
Java
// Java program to find // XOR of pair sums.class GFG{ static int xorPairSum(int ar[], int n){ int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum = sum ^ ar[i]; return 2 * sum;}// Driver codepublic static void main(String args[]){ int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3 }; int n = arr.length; System.out.println( xorPairSum(arr, n));}}// This code is contributed // by Arnab Kundu |
Python3
# Python3 program to find # XOR of pair sums.def xor_pair_sum(ar, n): total = 0 for i in range(n): total = total ^ ar[i] return 2 * total# Driver program to test the above functionif __name__ == "__main__": data = [1, 2, 3] print(xor_pair_sum(data, len(data)))# This code is contributed# by Kanav Malhotra |
C#
// C# program to find // XOR of pair sums.using System;class GFG{ static int xorPairSum(int []ar, int n){ int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum = sum ^ ar[i]; return 2 * sum;}// Driver codestatic public void Main(String []args){ int []arr = { 1, 2, 3 }; int n = arr.Length; Console.WriteLine( xorPairSum(arr, n));}}// This code is contributed// by Arnab Kundu |
PHP
<?php// PHP program to find // XOR of pair sums.function xor_pair_sum($ar, $n){ $total = 0; for($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++) $total = $total ^ $ar[$i]; return (2 * $total);}// Driver Code$data = array(1, 2, 3);$n = sizeof($data);echo xor_pair_sum($data, $n);// This code is contributed// by mits?> |
Javascript
<script>// Javascript program to find // XOR of pair sums. function xorPairSum(ar, n){ var sum = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) sum = sum ^ ar[i]; return 2 * sum;}// Driver codevar arr = [ 1, 2, 3 ];var n = arr.length;document.write( xorPairSum(arr, n));// This code is contributed by Amit Katiyar </script> |
Output
0
Time Complexity : O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
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