Given three integers X, Y and P, the task is to find the minimum window size K such that every window in the range [X, Y] of this size have atleast P prime numbers.
Examples:
Input: X = 2, Y = 8, P = 2
Output: 4
Explanation:
In the range [2, 8], window size of 4 contains atleast 2 primes in each window.
Possible Windows –
{2, 3, 4, 5} – No of Primes = 3
{3, 4, 5, 6} – No of Primes = 2
{4, 5, 6, 7} – No of Primes = 2
{5, 6, 7, 8} – No of Primes = 2
Input: X = 12, Y = 42, P = 3
Output: 14
Explanation:
In the range [12, 42], window size of 14 contains atleast 3 primes in each window.
Naive Approach: Traverse over all the possible window sizes, for each window size traverse in the range [X, Y] and check that each window contains at least K primes. The minimum of these window sizes will be the desired value.
- Define a function isPrime that takes in a number n and returns True if n is prime, else returns False.
- Check if n is less than or equal to 1, return False.
- Loop over all numbers from 2 to the square root of n.
- If n is divisible by any number in the loop, return False.
- If the loop completes without returning False, return True.
- Define the minimumWindowSize function that takes in three parameters X, Y, and P.
- Set min_size to Y – X + 1.
- Loop over all possible window sizes from 2 to min_size.
- For each window size k, loop over all possible starting indices i from X to Y – k + 2.
- Count the number of prime numbers in the window from i to i + k – 1 using the isPrime function.
- If the count is less than P, break out of the inner loop and move on to the next window size k.
- If the count is greater than or equal to P and the loop has reached the last possible starting index Y – k + 1, return the window size k.
- If no such window exists, return -1.
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++14
// C++ implementation to find the // minimum window size in the range // such that each window of that size // contains atleast P primes #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Function to check that a number is // a prime or not in O(sqrt(N)) bool isPrime( int n) { if (n <= 1) { return false ; } for ( int i = 2; i <= sqrt (n); i++) { if (n % i == 0) { return false ; } } return true ; } // Function to find the minimum // window size possible for the // given range in X and Y int minimumWindowSize( int X, int Y, int P) { int min_size = Y - X + 1; // loops over all possible window sizes // from 2 to Y - X + 1 for ( int k = 2; k <= min_size; k++) { for ( int i = X; i <= Y - k + 1; i++) { // count the prime numbers int count = 0; for ( int j = i; j < i + k; j++) { if (isPrime(j)) { count++; } } // If the count is less than P, it // breaks out of the loop and moves // on to the next window size. if (count < P) { break ; } if (i == Y - k + 1 && count >= P) { return k; } } } // no such window exists. return -1; } // Driver Code int main() { int x = 12; int y = 42; int p = 3; cout << minimumWindowSize(x, y, p); return 0; } |
Java
import java.lang.Math; class Main { // Function to check that a number is // a prime or not in O(sqrt(N)) static boolean isPrime( int n) { if (n <= 1 ) { return false ; } for ( int i = 2 ; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++) { if (n % i == 0 ) { return false ; } } return true ; } // Function to find the minimum // window size possible for the // given range in X and Y static int minimumWindowSize( int X, int Y, int P) { int min_size = Y - X + 1 ; // loops over all possible window sizes // from 2 to Y - X + 1 for ( int k = 2 ; k <= min_size; k++) { for ( int i = X; i <= Y - k + 1 ; i++) { // count the prime numbers int count = 0 ; for ( int j = i; j < i + k; j++) { if (isPrime(j)) { count++; } } // If the count is less than P, it // breaks out of the loop and moves // on to the next window size. if (count < P) { break ; } if (i == Y - k + 1 && count >= P) { return k; } } } // no such window exists. return - 1 ; } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { int x = 12 ; int y = 42 ; int p = 3 ; System.out.println(minimumWindowSize(x, y, p)); } } |
Python
import math # Function to check that a number is # a prime or not in O(sqrt(N)) def isPrime(n): if n < = 1 : return False for i in range ( 2 , int (math.sqrt(n)) + 1 ): if n % i = = 0 : return False return True # Function to find the minimum window size possible for the # given range in X and Y def minimumWindowSize(X, Y, P): min_size = Y - X + 1 # loops over all possible window sizes # from 2 to Y - X + 1 for k in range ( 2 , min_size + 1 ): for i in range (X, Y - k + 2 ): # count the prime numbers count = 0 for j in range (i, i + k): if isPrime(j): count + = 1 # If the count is less than P, it # breaks out of the loop and moves # on to the next window size. if count < P: break if i = = Y - k + 1 and count > = P: return k # no such window exists. return - 1 # Driver Code x = 12 y = 42 p = 3 print (minimumWindowSize(x, y, p)) |
C#
using System; class GFG { // Function to check that a number is // a prime or not in O(sqrt(N)) static bool IsPrime( int n) { if (n <= 1) { return false ; } for ( int i = 2; i <= Math.Sqrt(n); i++) { if (n % i == 0) { return false ; } } return true ; } // Function to find the minimum // window size possible for the // given range in X and Y static int MinimumWindowSize( int X, int Y, int P) { int minSize = Y - X + 1; // loops over all possible window sizes // from 2 to Y - X + 1 for ( int k = 2; k <= minSize; k++) { for ( int i = X; i <= Y - k + 1; i++) { // count the prime numbers int count = 0; for ( int j = i; j < i + k; j++) { if (IsPrime(j)) { count++; } } // If the count is less than P, it // breaks out of the loop and moves // on to the next window size. if (count < P) { break ; } if (i == Y - k + 1 && count >= P) { return k; } } } // no such window exists. return -1; } // Driver Code static void Main() { int x = 12; int y = 42; int p = 3; Console.WriteLine(MinimumWindowSize(x, y, p)); } } // This code is contributed by Shivam Tiwari |
Javascript
// Function to check if a number is a prime function isPrime(n) { if (n <= 1) { return false ; } for (let i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++) { if (n % i === 0) { return false ; } } return true ; } // Function to find the minimum window size function minimumWindowSize(X, Y, P) { let minSize = Y - X + 1; // Loops over all possible window sizes from 2 to Y - X + 1 for (let k = 2; k <= minSize; k++) { for (let i = X; i <= Y - k + 1; i++) { // Count the prime numbers let count = 0; for (let j = i; j < i + k; j++) { if (isPrime(j)) { count++; } } // If the count is less than P, break out of the loop if (count < P) { break ; } if (i === Y - k + 1 && count >= P) { return k; } } } // No such window exists return -1; } // Driver Code const x = 12; const y = 42; const p = 3; console.log(minimumWindowSize(x, y, p)); // This code is contributed by Shivam Tiwari |
14
Time Complexity: O((Y-X+1)3 Sqrt(Y)), where Y-X+1 is the range of integers and Sqrt(Y) is the time complexity of checking if a number is prime or not.
Auxiliary Space: O(1), as we are not using any extra space.
Efficient Approach: The key observation in this problem is if a window size W is the minimum window size satisfying the condition, then all window size in the range [W, Y – X + 1] will satisfy the condition. Using this we can reduce our search space at each step by half which is precisely the idea of Binary Search. Below is the illustration of the steps:
- Search Space: The search space for this problem can be the minimum length of the window size that is 1 and the maximum window size can be the difference between the ending value of the range and the starting value of the range.
low = 1
high = Y - X + 1
- Next Search Space: In each step generally the idea is to check that for the given window size the primes in each window possible have P primes or not with the help of the sliding window technique. Whereas the search space for the problem can be reduced on the basis of below decision:
- Case 1: When the number of primes in each window contains at least P primes, then the size of the window can be reduced to find the window size of less than the current window.
- Case 1: When the number of primes in each window contains at least P primes, then the size of the window can be reduced to find the window size of less than the current window.
if (checkPPrimes(mid) == True)
high = mid - 1
- Case 2: When the number of primes in each window contains do not have then the window size must be greater than the current window size. Then,
if (checkPPrimes(mid) == False)
low = mid + 1
Below is the implementation of the above approach:
C++
// C++ implementation to find the // minimum window size in the range // such that each window of that size // contains atleast P primes #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // Function to check that a number is // a prime or not in O(sqrt(N)) bool isPrime( int N) { if (N < 2) return false ; if (N < 4) return true ; if ((N & 1) == 0) return false ; if (N % 3 == 0) return false ; int curr = 5, s = sqrt (N); // Loop to check if any number // number is divisible by any // other number or not while (curr <= s) { if (N % curr == 0) return false ; curr += 2; if (N % curr == 0) return false ; curr += 4; } return true ; } // Function to check whether window // size satisfies condition or not bool check( int s, int p, int prefix_sum[], int n) { bool satisfies = true ; // Loop to check each window of // size have atleast P primes for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (i + s - 1 >= n) break ; // Checking condition // using prefix sum if (prefix_sum[i + s - 1] - (i - 1 >= 0 ? prefix_sum[i - 1] : 0) < p) satisfies = false ; } return satisfies; } // Function to find the minimum // window size possible for the // given range in X and Y int minimumWindowSize( int x, int y, int p) { // Prefix array int prefix_sum[y - x + 1] = { 0 }; // Mark those numbers // which are primes as 1 for ( int i = x; i <= y; i++) { if (isPrime(i)) prefix_sum[i - x] = 1; } // Convert to prefix sum for ( int i = 1; i < y - x + 1; i++) prefix_sum[i] += prefix_sum[i - 1]; // Applying binary search // over window size int low = 1, high = y - x + 1; int mid; while (high - low > 1) { mid = (low + high) / 2; // Check whether mid satisfies // the condition or not if (check(mid, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1)) { // If satisfies search // in first half high = mid; } // Else search in second half else low = mid; } if (check(low, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1)) return low; return high; } // Driver Code int main() { int x = 12; int y = 42; int p = 3; cout << minimumWindowSize(x, y, p); return 0; } |
Java
// Java implementation to find the // minimum window size in the range // such that each window of that size // contains atleast P primes import java.util.*; class GFG{ // Function to check that a number is // a prime or not in O(Math.sqrt(N)) static boolean isPrime( int N) { if (N < 2 ) return false ; if (N < 4 ) return true ; if ((N & 1 ) == 0 ) return false ; if (N % 3 == 0 ) return false ; int curr = 5 , s = ( int ) Math.sqrt(N); // Loop to check if any number // number is divisible by any // other number or not while (curr <= s) { if (N % curr == 0 ) return false ; curr += 2 ; if (N % curr == 0 ) return false ; curr += 4 ; } return true ; } // Function to check whether window // size satisfies condition or not static boolean check( int s, int p, int prefix_sum[], int n) { boolean satisfies = true ; // Loop to check each window of // size have atleast P primes for ( int i = 0 ; i < n; i++) { if (i + s - 1 >= n) break ; // Checking condition // using prefix sum if (prefix_sum[i + s - 1 ] - (i - 1 >= 0 ? prefix_sum[i - 1 ] : 0 ) < p) satisfies = false ; } return satisfies; } // Function to find the minimum // window size possible for the // given range in X and Y static int minimumWindowSize( int x, int y, int p) { // Prefix array int []prefix_sum = new int [y - x + 1 ]; // Mark those numbers // which are primes as 1 for ( int i = x; i <= y; i++) { if (isPrime(i)) prefix_sum[i - x] = 1 ; } // Convert to prefix sum for ( int i = 1 ; i < y - x + 1 ; i++) prefix_sum[i] += prefix_sum[i - 1 ]; // Applying binary search // over window size int low = 1 , high = y - x + 1 ; int mid; while (high - low > 1 ) { mid = (low + high) / 2 ; // Check whether mid satisfies // the condition or not if (check(mid, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1 )) { // If satisfies search // in first half high = mid; } // Else search in second half else low = mid; } if (check(low, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1 )) return low; return high; } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { int x = 12 ; int y = 42 ; int p = 3 ; System.out.print(minimumWindowSize(x, y, p)); } } // This code is contributed by sapnasingh4991 |
Python3
# Python3 implementation to find the # minimum window size in the range # such that each window of that size # contains atleast P primes from math import sqrt # Function to check that a number is # a prime or not in O(sqrt(N)) def isPrime(N): if (N < 2 ): return False if (N < 4 ): return True if ((N & 1 ) = = 0 ): return False if (N % 3 = = 0 ): return False curr = 5 s = sqrt(N) # Loop to check if any number # number is divisible by any # other number or not while (curr < = s): if (N % curr = = 0 ): return False curr + = 2 if (N % curr = = 0 ): return False curr + = 4 return True # Function to check whether window # size satisfies condition or not def check(s, p, prefix_sum, n): satisfies = True # Loop to check each window of # size have atleast P primes for i in range (n): if (i + s - 1 > = n): break # Checking condition # using prefix sum if (i - 1 > = 0 ): x = prefix_sum[i - 1 ] else : x = 0 if (prefix_sum[i + s - 1 ] - x < p): satisfies = False return satisfies # Function to find the minimum # window size possible for the # given range in X and Y def minimumWindowSize(x, y, p): # Prefix array prefix_sum = [ 0 ] * (y - x + 1 ) # Mark those numbers # which are primes as 1 for i in range (x ,y + 1 ): if (isPrime(i)): prefix_sum[i - x] = 1 # Convert to prefix sum for i in range ( 1 ,y - x + 1 ): prefix_sum[i] + = prefix_sum[i - 1 ] # Applying binary search # over window size low = 1 high = y - x + 1 while (high - low > 1 ): mid = (low + high) / / 2 # Check whether mid satisfies # the condition or not if (check(mid, p ,prefix_sum, y - x + 1 )): # If satisfies search # in first half high = mid # Else search in second half else : low = mid if (check(low, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1 )): return low return high # Driver Code x = 12 y = 42 p = 3 print (minimumWindowSize(x, y, p)) # This code is contributed by shubhamsingh10 |
C#
// C# implementation to find the // minimum window size in the range // such that each window of that size // contains atleast P primes using System; class GFG{ // Function to check that a number is // a prime or not in O(Math.Sqrt(N)) static bool isPrime( int N) { if (N < 2) return false ; if (N < 4) return true ; if ((N & 1) == 0) return false ; if (N % 3 == 0) return false ; int curr = 5, s = ( int ) Math.Sqrt(N); // Loop to check if any number // number is divisible by any // other number or not while (curr <= s) { if (N % curr == 0) return false ; curr += 2; if (N % curr == 0) return false ; curr += 4; } return true ; } // Function to check whether window // size satisfies condition or not static bool check( int s, int p, int []prefix_sum, int n) { bool satisfies = true ; // Loop to check each window of // size have atleast P primes for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (i + s - 1 >= n) break ; // Checking condition // using prefix sum if (prefix_sum[i + s - 1] - (i - 1 >= 0 ? prefix_sum[i - 1] : 0) < p) satisfies = false ; } return satisfies; } // Function to find the minimum // window size possible for the // given range in X and Y static int minimumWindowSize( int x, int y, int p) { // Prefix array int []prefix_sum = new int [y - x + 1]; // Mark those numbers // which are primes as 1 for ( int i = x; i <= y; i++) { if (isPrime(i)) prefix_sum[i - x] = 1; } // Convert to prefix sum for ( int i = 1; i < y - x + 1; i++) prefix_sum[i] += prefix_sum[i - 1]; // Applying binary search // over window size int low = 1, high = y - x + 1; int mid; while (high - low > 1) { mid = (low + high) / 2; // Check whether mid satisfies // the condition or not if (check(mid, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1)) { // If satisfies search // in first half high = mid; } // Else search in second half else low = mid; } if (check(low, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1)) return low; return high; } // Driver Code public static void Main(String[] args) { int x = 12; int y = 42; int p = 3; Console.Write(minimumWindowSize(x, y, p)); } } // This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar |
Javascript
<script> // javascript implementation to find the // minimum window size in the range // such that each window of that size // contains atleast P primes // Function to check that a number is // a prime or not in O(Math.sqrt(N)) function isPrime(N) { if (N < 2) return false ; if (N < 4) return true ; if ((N & 1) == 0) return false ; if (N % 3 == 0) return false ; let curr = 5, s = Math.floor(Math.sqrt(N)); // Loop to check if any number // number is divisible by any // other number or not while (curr <= s) { if (N % curr == 0) return false ; curr += 2; if (N % curr == 0) return false ; curr += 4; } return true ; } // Function to check whether window // size satisfies condition or not function check(s, p, prefix_sum, n) { let satisfies = true ; // Loop to check each window of // size have atleast P primes for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (i + s - 1 >= n) break ; // Checking condition // using prefix sum if (prefix_sum[i + s - 1] - (i - 1 >= 0 ? prefix_sum[i - 1] : 0) < p) satisfies = false ; } return satisfies; } // Function to find the minimum // window size possible for the // given range in X and Y function minimumWindowSize(x, y, p) { // Prefix array let prefix_sum = new Array(y - x + 1).fill(0); // Mark those numbers // which are primes as 1 for (let i = x; i <= y; i++) { if (isPrime(i)) prefix_sum[i - x] = 1; } // Convert to prefix sum for (let i = 1; i < y - x + 1; i++) prefix_sum[i] += prefix_sum[i - 1]; // Applying binary search // over window size let low = 1, high = y - x + 1; let mid; while (high - low > 1) { mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2); // Check whether mid satisfies // the condition or not if (check(mid, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1)) { // If satisfies search // in first half high = mid; } // Else search in second half else low = mid; } if (check(low, p, prefix_sum, y - x + 1)) return low; return high; } // Driver Code let x = 12; let y = 42; let p = 3; document.write(minimumWindowSize(x, y, p)); </script> |
14
Time complexity: O(N*log(N))
Auxiliary Space: O(N)
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