Sometimes, we can data in many forms and we desire to perform both conversions and extractions of certain specific parts of a whole. One such issue can be extracting a number from a string and extending this, sometimes it can be more than just an element string but a list of it. Let’s discuss certain ways in which this can be solved.
Method #1 : Using list comprehension + split()
This particular problem can be solved using the list comprehension function to extend the logic to all the items and split function performs the task of splitting and fetching the target desired element.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate# Extracting numbers from list of strings# using list comprehension + split()# initializing listtest_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']# printing original listprint("The original list : " + str(test_list))# using list comprehension + split()# Extracting numbers from list of stringsres = [int(sub.split('.')[1]) for sub in test_list]# print resultprint("The list after Extracting numbers : " + str(res)) |
The original list : ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21'] The list after Extracting numbers : [24, 18, 8, 21]
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the given test_list
Auxiliary Space: O(n)
Method #2 : Using join() + isnumeric() + list comprehension + map()
This method is preferred in the instances in which it is not predefined that the numbers will be ordered in a particular way i.e, this method gives the flexibility of getting the number from whichever position possible.
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate# Extracting numbers from list of strings# using join() + isnumeric() + list comprehension + map()# initializing listtest_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']# printing original listprint("The original list : " + str(test_list))# using join() + isnumeric() + list comprehension + map()# Extracting numbers from list of stringsres = list(map(lambda sub:int(''.join( [ele for ele in sub if ele.isnumeric()])), test_list))# print resultprint("The list after Extracting numbers : " + str(res)) |
The original list : ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21'] The list after Extracting numbers : [24, 18, 8, 21]
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the length of the input list test_list.
Auxiliary Space: O(n), because the result list res has the same length as test_list
Method #3 : Using replace() and int() methods
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate# Extracting numbers from list of strings# initializing listtest_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']# printing original listprint("The original list : " + str(test_list))# Extracting numbers from list of stringsres=[]for i in test_list: i=i.replace("Rs.","") res.append(int(i))# print resultprint("The list after Extracting numbers : " + str(res)) |
The original list : ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21'] The list after Extracting numbers : [24, 18, 8, 21]
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the list ‘test_list’. The code iterates through the entire list once and extracts the numbers from each string.
Auxiliary Space: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the list ‘test_list’. This is because a new list ‘res’ is created to store the extracted numbers, which takes O(n) space.
Method #4 : Using index() and int() methods
Python3
# Python3 code to demonstrate# Extracting numbers from list of strings# initializing listtest_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']# printing original listprint("The original list : " + str(test_list))# Extracting numbers from list of stringsres=[]for i in test_list: j=i.index(".") res.append(int(i[j+1:]))# print resultprint("The list after Extracting numbers : " + str(res)) |
The original list : ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21'] The list after Extracting numbers : [24, 18, 8, 21]
Time Complexity : O(N)
Auxiliary Space : O(N)
Method #5: Using re
This code defines a function extract_numbers that takes a list of strings as input and returns a list of the integers that are present in those strings.
The first step is to compile a regular expression pattern using the re module. The pattern \d+ will match any sequence of one or more digits.
Next, the code uses a list comprehension to apply the findall function to each string in the input list. The findall function returns a list of all the substrings in the string that match the regular expression pattern.
Finally, another list comprehension is used to convert the extracted numbers from strings to integers, and the resulting list is returned.
Python3
import redef extract_numbers(lst): """ Extracts numbers from a list of strings using regular expressions. """ # Compile a regular expression pattern to match digits pattern = re.compile(r'\d+') # Use the pattern to extract all digits from each string in the list extracted_numbers = [pattern.findall(s) for s in lst] # Convert the extracted numbers from strings to integers return [int(x) for sublist in extracted_numbers for x in sublist]# Example usagetest_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']print(extract_numbers(test_list))#This code is contributed by Edula Vinay Kumar Reddy |
[24, 18, 8, 21]
Time Complexity: O(n), where n is the total number of characters in all the strings in the list.
Auxiliary Space: O(n).
This method is more flexible than the other approaches because it allows you to extract any sequence of digits from the strings, not just the ones that appear at a fixed position or are separated by a specific character. It also allows you to handle strings that contain multiple instances of digits.
Method 5: Using map() and filter():
Use the map() and filter() functions in Python to extract the numbers from the strings. First, we can use map() to apply the int() function to each element of the list, which will convert each string to an integer (if it can be converted). Then, we can use filter() to remove any None values that result from trying to convert a string that doesn’t contain a number.
Python3
test_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']# define a function to extract the number from a stringdef extract_num(string): try: return int(string.split('.')[1]) except IndexError: return None# use map() to apply the extract_num() function to each element of the listnums = map(extract_num, test_list)# use filter() to remove any None values from the listres = list(filter(lambda x: x is not None, nums))print("The list after Extracting numbers : ", res) |
The list after Extracting numbers : [24, 18, 8, 21]
Time complexity: O(n), where n is the number of elements in the input list.
Auxiliary space: O(n), as it involves creating a new list of numbers using map() and filter().
Method #7: Using regular expression and list comprehension:
This method uses regular expression to match numbers after a dot in each string and extracts them using list comprehension.
Python3
import retest_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']# define a regular expression pattern to match numbers after a dotpattern = r'\.\s*(\d+)'# use list comprehension to extract numbers using regular expressionres = [int(re.findall(pattern, string)[0]) for string in test_list if re.findall(pattern, string)]print("The list after Extracting numbers: ", res) |
The list after Extracting numbers: [24, 18, 8, 21]
Time complexity: O(n) where n is the number of elements in the list
Auxiliary space: O(n) for the resulting list.
Using numpy:
Algorithm:
Initialize a list of strings test_list.
Print the original list test_list.
Use numpy.char.replace() method to remove ‘Rs. ‘ from each string in the list test_list.
Use numpy.char.strip() method to remove leading and trailing whitespaces from each string in the list test_list.
Convert the resulting list of strings to numpy array and use numpy.astype() method to convert the array elements to integers.
Store the resulting array in a variable named res.
Print the final list of integers res.
Python3
import numpy as np# initializing listtest_list = ['Rs. 24', 'Rs. 18', 'Rs. 8', 'Rs. 21']# printing original listprint("The original list : " + str(test_list))# Using numpy.char.replace() and numpy.char.strip() methods to extract numbers from list of strings# converting dtype of the array to intres = np.char.replace(test_list, 'Rs. ', '').astype(int)# printing resultprint("The list after Extracting numbers : " + str(res)) |
Output:
The original list : [‘Rs. 24’, ‘Rs. 18’, ‘Rs. 8’, ‘Rs. 21’]
The list after Extracting numbers : [24 18 8 21]
The time complexity of the given algorithm is O(n), where n is the length of the input list.
The space complexity of the algorithm is O(n), where n is the length of the input list. This is because the algorithm creates a new array of integers with the same length as the input list.
