DurationField in Django Forms is used for input of particular durations for example from 12 am to 1 pm. The default widget for this input is TextInput. It Normalizes to: A Python datetime.date object. It validates that the given value is a string which can be converted into a timedelta.
DurationField has one optional arguments:
input_formats :- Accepts any format understood by parse_duration().
Expects data in the format “DD HH:MM:SS.uuuuuu” or as specified by ISO 8601 (e.g. P4DT1H15M20S which is equivalent to 4 1:15:20) or PostgreSQL’s day-time interval format (e.g. 3 days 04:05:06).
Syntax
field_name = forms.DurationField(**options)
Django form DurationField Explanation
Illustration of DurationField using an Example. Consider a project named neveropen having an app named Lazyroar.
Refer to the following articles to check how to create a project and an app in Django.
Enter the following code into forms.py file of Lazyroar app.
from django import forms # creating a form class GeeksForm(forms.Form): Lazyroar_field = forms.DurationField( ) |
Add the Lazyroar app to INSTALLED_APPS
# Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'Lazyroar', ] |
Now to render this form into a view we need a view and a URL mapped to that URL. Let’s create a view first in views.py of Lazyroar app,
from django.shortcuts import render from .forms import GeeksForm # Create your views here. def home_view(request): context = {} context['form'] = GeeksForm() return render( request, "home.html", context) |
Here we are importing that particular form from forms.py and creating an object of it in the view so that it can be rendered in a template.
Now, to initiate a Django form you need to create home.html where one would be designing the stuff as they like. Let’s create a form in home.html.
<form method = "GET"> {{ form }} <input type = "submit" value = "Submit"> </form> |
Finally, a URL to map to this view in urls.py
from django.urls import path # importing views from views..py from .views import home_view urlpatterns = [ path('', home_view ), ] |
Let’s run the server and check what has actually happened, Run
Python manage.py runserver
Thus, an Lazyroar_field DurationField is created by replacing “_” with ” “. It is a field to input duration accepted by Python’s timedelta function from the user. Check here for more.
How to use DurationField ?
DurationField is used for input of a particular duration in the database. One can input date of submission, birthdate, etc. Till now we have discussed how to implement DurationField but how to use it in the view for performing the logical part. To perform some logic we would need to get the value entered into field into a python string instance.
In views.py,
from django.shortcuts import render from .forms import GeeksForm # Create your views here. def home_view(request): context ={} form = GeeksForm() context['form']= form if request.GET: temp = request.GET['Lazyroar_field'] print(type(temp)) return render(request, "home.html", context) |
Let’s try something other than a duration in a DurationField.
So it accepts a duration input only otherwise validation errors will be seen. Now let’s try entering a valid duration into the field.
Date data can be fetched using corresponding request dictionary. If method is GET, data would be available in request.GET and if post, request.POST correspondingly. In above example we have the value in temp which we can use for any purpose.
Core Field Arguments
Core Field arguments are the arguments given to each field for applying some constraint or imparting a particular characteristic to a particular Field. For example, adding an argument required = False to DurationField will enable it to be left blank by the user. Each Field class constructor takes at least these arguments. Some Field classes take additional, field-specific arguments, but the following should always be accepted:
| Field Options | Description |
|---|---|
| required | By default, each Field class assumes the value is required, so to make it not required you need to set required=False |
| label | The label argument lets you specify the “human-friendly” label for this field. This is used when the Field is displayed in a Form. |
| label_suffix | The label_suffix argument lets you override the form’s label_suffix on a per-field basis. |
| widget | The widget argument lets you specify a Widget class to use when rendering this Field. See Widgets for more information. |
| help_text | The help_text argument lets you specify descriptive text for this Field. If you provide help_text, it will be displayed next to the Field when the Field is rendered by one of the convenience Form methods. |
| error_messages | The error_messages argument lets you override the default messages that the field will raise. Pass in a dictionary with keys matching the error messages you want to override. |
| validators | The validators argument lets you provide a list of validation functions for this field. |
| localize | The localize argument enables the localization of form data input, as well as the rendered output. |
| disabled. | The disabled boolean argument, when set to True, disables a form field using the disabled HTML attribute so that it won’t be editable by users. |
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