In this guide we shall cover the installation, configuration and usage of MariaDB 10.8 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7. MariaDB is a ‘drop in’ replacement for MySQL. At the time of its launch, it was 99.9% compatible, and essentially a branch of MySQL. But logically, over time, the two database management systems have diverged and now there are hundreds of incompatibilities between MySQL and MariaDB databases.
MariaDB is the default database solution in CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 Linux systems. This guide should only be used for new installations and not for upgrading from an older release of MariaDB server. Also note this guide is applicable for single node database server setups using MariaDB. If you’re interested in a highly available, multi-node deployment, consider using MariaDB Galera Cluster setup.
Some of the good features and improvements in MariaDB 10.8 are;
- InnoDB redo log improvements – autosize innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size and Improve the redo log for concurrency
- Lag free ALTER TABLE in replication – ALTER TABLE now gets replicated and starts executing on replicas when it starts executing on the primary, not when it finishes.
- Auto create partition – You can now use an
AUTOkeyword to inform the server to create more history partitions automatically - JSON Histograms – Histograms in the statistics tables are more precise and stored as JSON, not binary
- Descending indexes – Individual columns in the index can now be explicitly sorted in the ascending or descending order.
- Spider Storage Engine Improvements – You can now declare Spider connections using the REMOTE_SERVER, REMOTE_DATABASE, and REMOTE_TABLE attributes and not abuse the COMMENT field for that.
- mysqlbinlog GTID support – mariadb-binlog (previously mysqlbinlog) now supports both filtering events by GTID ranges through –start-position and –stop-position, and validating a binary log’s ordering of GTIDs through –gtid-strict-mode
- Improved i18n support on Windows – On Windows 10+ systems, several problems with Unicode input and output in client were fixed
- Stored Procedures INOUT Parameters – Added support support for IN, OUT and INOUT parameter qualifiers
- And many Misc. features added as well
Install MariaDB 10.8 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
The steps provided in this section should help you with the installation, configuration and usage of MariaDB 10.8 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 Linux. The installation will fail if you have any other MySQL based database management system on your OS. Ensure the system is clean before you proceed with this guide.
Update and reboot your system.
sudo yum -y update
sudo reboot -fWait for your system to be rebooted then start the installation using the next step.
Step 1) Add MariaDB YUM repository
We’ll use official MariaDB YUM repository for RHEL based systems which is added by running the following commands.
curl -LsS -O https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup
sudo bash mariadb_repo_setup --mariadb-server-version=10.8The script automates the process of setting up repository and importing MariaDB GPG keys.
[info] Checking for script prerequisites.
[info] Repository file successfully written to /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo
[info] Adding trusted package signing keys...
/etc/pki/rpm-gpg ~
~
[info] Successfully added trusted package signing keys
[info] Cleaning package cache...
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: base droplet-agent extras mariadb-main mariadb-maxscale mariadb-tools updates
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
List all available repositories on the system
$ sudo yum clean all
$ sudo yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: packages.oit.ncsu.edu
* extras: mirror.facebook.net
* updates: mirrors.tripadvisor.com
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10072
droplet-agent/x86_64 DigitalOcean Droplet Agent 11
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 512
mariadb-main MariaDB Server 84
mariadb-maxscale MariaDB MaxScale 4
mariadb-tools MariaDB Tools 16
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 4050
repolist: 14749
Step 2) Install MariaDB 10.8 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
MariaDB 10.8 packages are available on the repo we just added. Let’s install server and client packages.
sudo yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-backupConfirm the version of MariaDB server and client packages being installed and proceed if okay.
Dependencies Resolved
======================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
======================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
MariaDB-backup x86_64 10.8.3-1.el7.centos mariadb-main 7.0 M
MariaDB-client x86_64 10.8.3-1.el7.centos mariadb-main 15 M
MariaDB-compat x86_64 10.8.3-1.el7.centos mariadb-main 2.2 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
MariaDB-server x86_64 10.8.3-1.el7.centos mariadb-main 26 M
Installing for dependencies:
MariaDB-common x86_64 10.8.3-1.el7.centos mariadb-main 81 k
boost-program-options x86_64 1.53.0-28.el7 base 156 k
galera-4 x86_64 26.4.11-1.el7.centos mariadb-main 9.9 M
libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 base 24 k
libpmem x86_64 1.5.1-2.1.el7 base 59 k
lsof x86_64 4.87-6.el7 base 331 k
pcre2 x86_64 10.23-2.el7 base 201 k
perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 8.0 M
perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 base 19 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k
perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.145-3.el7 base 47 k
perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 base 1.5 M
perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 base 28 k
perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 base 26 k
perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 base 56 k
perl-Filter x86_64 1.49-3.el7 base 76 k
perl-Getopt-Long noarch 2.40-3.el7 base 56 k
perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.033-3.el7 base 38 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k
perl-PathTools x86_64 3.40-5.el7 base 82 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k
perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9 updates 52 k
perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.20-4.el7 base 87 k
perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 base 216 k
perl-Pod-Usage noarch 1.63-3.el7 base 27 k
perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7 base 36 k
perl-Socket x86_64 2.010-5.el7 base 49 k
perl-Storable x86_64 2.45-3.el7 base 77 k
perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.29-4.el7 base 14 k
perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 base 45 k
perl-Time-Local noarch 1.2300-2.el7 base 24 k
perl-constant noarch 1.27-2.el7 base 19 k
perl-libs x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 690 k
perl-macros x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 44 k
perl-parent noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 base 12 k
perl-podlators noarch 2.5.1-3.el7 base 112 k
perl-threads x86_64 1.87-4.el7 base 49 k
perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.43-6.el7 base 39 k
socat x86_64 1.7.3.2-2.el7 base 290 k
Transaction Summary
======================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 4 Packages (+42 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 73 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
With the rpm command package details can be queried.
$ rpm -qi MariaDB-server
Name : MariaDB-server
Version : 10.8.3
Release : 1.el7.centos
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: Wed Jul 13 22:21:21 2022
Group : Applications/Databases
Size : 129149443
License : GPLv2
Signature : DSA/SHA1, Thu May 19 12:55:05 2022, Key ID cbcb082a1bb943db
Source RPM : MariaDB-server-10.8.3-1.el7.centos.src.rpm
Build Date : Wed May 18 13:26:15 2022
Build Host : centos74-amd64
....Step 3) Configure MariaDB 10.8 on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7
Start and enable mariadb database service
$ sudo systemctl enable --now mariadb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.Check service status if it’s indeed running.
$ systemctl status mariadb
● mariadb.service - MariaDB 10.8.3 database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/mariadb.service.d
└─migrated-from-my.cnf-settings.conf
Active: active (running) since Wed 2022-07-13 22:23:07 UTC; 24s ago
Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
Process: 8189 ExecStartPost=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 8163 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c [ ! -e /usr/bin/galera_recovery ] && VAR= || VAR=`cd /usr/bin/..; /usr/bin/galera_recovery`; [ $? -eq 0 ] && systemctl set-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION=$VAR || exit 1 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 8161 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c systemctl unset-environment _WSREP_START_POSITION (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 8174 (mariadbd)
Status: "Taking your SQL requests now..."
CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
└─8174 /usr/sbin/mariadbd
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] InnoDB: File './ibtmp1' size is now 12.000MiB.
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] InnoDB: log sequence number 45505; transaction id 14
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] Plugin 'FEEDBACK' is disabled.
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] InnoDB: Loading buffer pool(s) from /var/lib/mysql/ib_buffer_pool
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'.
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 220713 22:23:07
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: 2022-07-13 22:23:07 0 [Note] /usr/sbin/mariadbd: ready for connections.
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io mariadbd[8174]: Version: '10.8.3-MariaDB' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MariaDB Server
Jul 13 22:23:07 centos7.example.io systemd[1]: Started MariaDB 10.8.3 database server.
...Client version checking with mariadb command:
$ mariadb -V
mariadb Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.8.3-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1Use the mariadb-secure-installation script to secure your MariaDB database server
$ sudo mariadb-secure-installation
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none): <ENTER>
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.
Change the root password? [Y/n] y
New password: <INPUT-PASSWORD>
Re-enter new password: <CONFIRM-PASSWORD>
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
... Success!
By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
- Dropping test database...
... Success!
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
... Success!
Cleaning up...
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MariaDB!Access to MariaDB shell should only be possible with a password
$ mysql -u root
ERROR 1698 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 10.8.3-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT VERSION ();
+----------------+
| VERSION () |
+----------------+
| 10.8.3-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)Step 4) Create a test database/user in MariaDB
We can create a test database with the command below:
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE mydb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)Check if the database has been created by showing all available databases.
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| mydb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)If this setup process progressed as anticipated you should have MariaDB 10.8 installed and running on CentOS 7 / RHEL 7 server or Desktop machine. If you encounter any issues let us know in the comments section.
Good Udemy Learning courses:
- Learn Database Design with MySQL
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- SQL for Beginners: Learn SQL using MySQL and Database Design
- MySQL, SQL and Stored Procedures from Beginner to Advanced
- The Complete MySQL Developer Course
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