PHP 7 introduced a null-coalescing operator with ?? syntax. This operator returns its first operand if its value has been set and it is not NULL, otherwise it will return its second operand. This operator can be used in a scenario where the programmer wants to get some input from the user and if the user has skipped the input, some default value has to be assigned to the variable.
Uses of Null Coalescing Operator:
- It is used to replace the ternary operator in conjunction with the PHP isset() function.
- It can be used to write shorter expressions.
- It reduces the complexity of the program.
- It does not throw any error even if the first operand does not exist.
Example: If the values of $name and $age are assigned then assigned values will be printed otherwise the default value which is provided in the expression will be assigned to these variables as values.
PHP
<?php echo 'Output when values are not Set'."\xA<br>"; // Using ternary operator $name = isset($_GET['name']) ? $_GET['name'] : 'Default'; echo 'Name : '.$name."\xA<br>"; // Using Null Coalescing $age = $_GET['age'] ?? 'Default'; echo 'Age : ' .$age."\xA \xA<br><br>"; echo 'Output when values are Set'."\xA<br>"; $_GET['name']='GFG'; $_GET['age']='18'; // Using ternary operator $name = isset($_GET['name']) ? $_GET['name'] : 'Default'; echo 'Name : '.$name."\xA<br>"; // Using Null Coalescing $age = $_GET['age'] ?? 'Default'; echo 'Age : ' .$age; ?> |
Output
Output when values are not Set Name : Default Age : Default Output when values are Set Name : GFG Age : 18
