Concept: Arrays are static data structures and do not grow automatically with an increasing number of elements. With arrays, it is important to specify the array size at the time of the declaration. In Java, when we try to access an array index beyond the range of the array it throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception. An exception is an obstruction to the normal program execution. Java has try-catch-finally blocks for efficient Exception Handling. ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is a runtime exception and must be handled carefully to prevent abrupt termination of the program.
Approaches:
- Using try-catch block where input is taken beyond the array index range
- Using try-catch block where input is taken within the array index range
- Using constraints over user input
First Approach
In the first approach, an array of size = 5 is declared. The input is taken within a try block and the loop is executed 6 times. Since the array size is 5, after the 6th input an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown. The exception is handled by the catch block. The code to handle the exception is placed within the catch block. In this example, we notify the user that an exception has occurred and the input exceeds the array range.
Implementation: In all approaches variable named ‘i’ is used of integer data-type been taken for consideration.
Java
// Importing generic Classes/Filesimport java.util.*;public class GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String args[]) throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException { // Taking input from user Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); // Storing user input elements in an array int arr[] = new int[5]; // Try block to check exception try { // Forcefully iteration loop no of times // these no of times > array size for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) { // Storing elements through nextInt() arr[i] = s.nextInt(); } } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { // Print message when any exception occurs System.out.println( "Array Bounds Exceeded...\nTry Again"); } }} |
Output:
Second Approach
In the second approach, we declare an array of size = 5. The input is taken within a while loop inside a try block. The value of i is checked against the size of the array at every iteration. The value of ‘i’ is initiated with 0 and can take input up to index 4. As soon as the value of ‘i’ reaches 5 an exception is thrown. This exception is handled by the catch block. This method is similar to the first one, however, in this approach, no input is taken beyond the array index range which was not the case in the first approach.
Implementation:
Java
// Importing generic Classes/Filesimport java.util.*;public class GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String args[]) throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException { // Taking input from user Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); // Storing elements as array int arr[] = new int[5]; / variable created and initialized with 0 int i = 0; // try block to check exception try { // Condition check while (true) { if (i == 5) // Statement responsible for exception throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(); arr[i++] = s.nextInt(); } } // Catch block to handle exception catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { // Message printed when exception occurs System.out.println( "Array Bounds Exceeded...\nTry Again"); } }} |
Output:
Third Approach
In this approach we do not use the concept of exception handling rather we limit the input using loops. It is an easier and convenient method of checking array bounds while taking inputs from the user.
Implementation:
Java
// Importing Classes/Filesimport java.util.*;public class GFG { // Main driver code public static void main(String args[]) { // Taking user input through scanner Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); // Creating array to store elements int arr[] = new int[5]; // creating and initializing variable with 0 int i = 0; // Condition check while (i < 5) { // Storing user defined elements in array arr[i++] = s.nextInt(); } System.out.println( "Array elements are as follows: "); // Iteration over elements for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) System.out.print(arr[j] + " "); }} |
Output:
