The floating-point data types (float and double) are not as accurate to be used in the financial calculations. Therefore, Java offers a separate class “BigDecimal” to perform the operations and avoid the minimal chances of mistakes in calculations. BigDecimal class provides operations on double numbers for arithmetic, scale handling, rounding, comparison, format conversion, and hashing. It can handle very large and very small floating-point numbers with great precision but compensating with the time complexity a bit. BigDecimal provides numerous methods to be implemented upon. In this article, we’ll be discussing the basic arithmetic operations which can be performed on BigDecimal and also performing the same operations between BigDecimal and primitive data types such as int, short, long, etc.
Example 1:
Java
// Java Program to Add, Subtract and Multiply// Two big decimal numbers // Importing input output classesimport java.io.*;// Importing BigDecimal class from// java.math packageimport java.math.BigDecimal;// Main classclass GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String[] args) { // Declaring two variables of type BigDecimal // Custom numbers for illustration BigDecimal num1 = new BigDecimal("15.3514628768"); BigDecimal num2 = new BigDecimal("45.37844"); // Mathematic operation over two numbers // Addition using add() method System.out.println("Addition of num1 and num2 = " + (num1.add(num2))); // Subtraction using subtract() method System.out.println("Subtraction of num1 and num2 = " + (num1.subtract(num2))); // Multiplication using multiply() method System.out.println( "Multiplication of num1 and num2 = " + (num1.multiply(num2))); }} |
Addition of num1 and num2 = 60.7299028768 Subtraction of num1 and num2 = -30.0269771232 Multiplication of num1 and num2 = 696.625437067096192
Output Explanation:
Note that the accuracy of the operations is very high. Now performing division on the same set of numbers in the below example as follows:
Example 2:
Java
// Java Program to show exception thrown if blunt division// of two big decimal numbers is carried on// Importing input output classesimport java.io.*;// Importing BigDecimal class from// java.math packageimport java.math.BigDecimal;// Main classclass GFG { // Main driver method public static void main (String[] args) { // Creating an object of bigDecimal class and // initializing the big decimal values // Custom entry BigDecimal num1 = new BigDecimal("15.3514628768"); BigDecimal num2 = new BigDecimal("45.37844"); // Division over two numbers // using divide() method and printing the resultant number System.out.println("Division of num1 and num2 = " + (num2.divide(num1))); }} |
Output:
Output explanation:
This error occurred because the division of the two numbers was non-terminating, and we know that BigDecimal is introduced to provide the maximum accuracy. Hence, it produces an error. We will be rectifying the same in the next code where we will be dividing the same numbers, but now the data type is double, and it should not produce any error and gives some answers.
Example 3:
Java
// Java Program to show division of two big decimal numbers// Importing input output classesimport java.io.*;// Main classclass GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String[] args) { // Creating and initializing double numbers // Custom entries double num1 = 15.3514628768; double num2 = 45.37844; // Dividing two big decimal numbers after which // numbers obtained will also be a big decimal // number // Print and display the resultant number System.out.println("Division of num1 and num2 = " + (num2 / num1)); }} |
Division of num1 and num2 = 2.955968454874647
Until now, we’ve performed the arithmetic operations on two BigDecimal objects, and now we shall try to do the same thing with the primitive data types.So here we go.
Example 4:
Java
// Java Program to Add big decimal number// with an Integer number// Importing input output classesimport java.io.*;// importing BigDecimal class from// java.math packageimport java.math.BigDecimal;// main classclass GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String[] args) { // Declaring a BigDecimal object BigDecimal num1 = new BigDecimal("12"); // Declaring an integer number int num2 = 15; // Adding a big decimal number with // an integer number System.out.println("Addition of num1 and num2 =" + num1.add(num2)); }} |
Output:
Output Explanation:
This is because BigDecimal only allows the operation to be performed only on BigDecimal objects. Therefore, we need to convert our primitive data type variable to the object of BigDecimal using the constructor of BigDecimal Class. The above conflict is resolved in the below code as follows.
Example 5:
Java
// Java Program to Add big decimal number// with an Integer number// Importing input output classesimport java.io.*;// Importing BigDecimal class from// java.math packageimport java.math.BigDecimal;// Main classclass GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String[] args) { // Declaring a BigDecimal object BigDecimal num1 = new BigDecimal("12"); // Declaring an integer number int num2 = 15; // Print the addition of two numbers System.out.println( "Addition of num1 and num2 = " + num1.add(new BigDecimal(num2))); }} |
Addition of num1 and num2 = 27
Output Explanation:
What is happening here is that we are creating a new object of class BigDecimal with a value same as num2 and we are directly passing the object created through the constructor to the argument of add() method. And we get our required answer. The arithmetic operations between BigDecimal and int are shown below.
Example 6:
Java
// Importing all input output classesimport java.io.*;// Importing BigDecimal class from// java.math packageimport java.math.BigDecimal;// Main classclass GFG { // Main driver method public static void main(String[] args) { // Declaring a BigDecimal object BigDecimal num1 = new BigDecimal("12"); // Declaring an integer number int num2 = 15; // Addition over numbers // Print the resultant desired number System.out.println( "Addition of num1 and num2 = " + num1.add(new BigDecimal(num2))); // Subtraction over numbers // Print the resultant desired number System.out.println( "Subtraction of num1 and num2 = " + num1.subtract(new BigDecimal(num2))); // Multiplication over numbers // Print the resultant desired number System.out.println( "Multiplication of num1 and num2 = " + num1.multiply(new BigDecimal(num2))); // Division over numbers // Print the resultant desired number System.out.println( "Division of num1 and num2 = " + num1.divide(new BigDecimal(num2))); }} |
Addition of num1 and num2 = 27 Subtraction of num1 and num2 = -3 Multiplication of num1 and num2 = 180 Division of num1 and num2 = 0.8
