Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) is a service provided by Google that allows developers to send push notifications to Android, iOS, and web devices. FCM uses Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) as the underlying technology for sending and receiving messages but offers additional features such as the ability to send messages to specific groups of devices and to receive notifications when a message has been sent. FCM also includes support for sending messages to devices that are offline, and for sending messages with custom data payloads. To use FCM in an Android app, you will need to set up a Firebase project in the Firebase console, and then integrate the FCM SDK into your app.
Step-By-Step Approach to using FCM in an Android App
Step 1: Create a new Firebase project in the Firebase console
Step 2: In the Firebase console, navigate to the “Cloud Messaging” tab and copy the “Server key” and “Sender ID”.
Step 3: In your Android app, add the Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM) library to your app-level build.gradle file:
implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:20.2.4'
Step 4: In the AndroidManifest.xml file, add the following permissions:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WAKE_LOCK" />
Step 5: Create a new class that extends FirebaseMessagingService and overrides the onMessageReceived method. This is where you will handle incoming messages.
Step 6: In this class, call the method FirebaseInstanceId.getInstance().getToken() to retrieve the FCM token for the device.
Step 7: Create a new instance of the RemoteMessage.Builder class, and use it to construct the message you want to send. You can set the message’s destination, data payload, and notification options using the builder’s methods.
Step 8: Use the FirebaseMessaging.getInstance().send() method to send the message to the specified device.
Step 9: On the client side, use the FCM SDK to register for push notifications and handle them when they arrive.
Step 10: You can also use Firebase Cloud Functions to send messages, this way you don’t need to store the FCM token in your database, instead, you can use Firebase Authentication to send messages to specific users. This is a general overview of the process, and it may vary depending on your specific use case. Keep in mind that FCM is a powerful tool, but it requires proper setup and configuration to work correctly.
Code Snippet for FCM to send a notification to an Android device in Java and Kotlin
Java
import com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessaging;import com.google.firebase.messaging.RemoteMessage; public class FCMExample { public static void main(String[] args) { FirebaseMessaging fcm = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance(); // Build the message to be sent RemoteMessage message = new RemoteMessage.Builder("your_sender_id") .setMessageId("unique_message_id") .addData("title", "Hello World!") .addData("body", "This is a test notification.") .build(); // Send the message fcm.send(message); }} |
Kotlin
import com.google.firebase.messaging.FirebaseMessagingimport com.google.firebase.messaging.RemoteMessage fun main() { val fcm = FirebaseMessaging.getInstance() // Build the message to be sent val message = RemoteMessage.Builder("your_sender_id") .setMessageId("unique_message_id") .addData("title", "Hello World!") .addData("body", "This is a test notification.") .build() // Send the message fcm.send(message)} |
For a complete example project please refer to this article: How to Push Notification in Android using Firebase Cloud Messaging
