Given a character, check if it is vowel or consonant. Vowels are ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’ and ‘u’. All other characters (‘b’, ‘c’, ‘d’, ‘f’ ….) are consonants.
Examples:
Input : x = 'c' Output : Consonant Input : x = 'u' Output : Vowel
We check whether the given character matches any of the 5 vowels. If yes, we print “Vowel”, else we print “Consonant”.
C++
// CPP program to check if a given character // is vowel or consonant. #include <iostream> using namespace std; // Function to check whether a character is // vowel or not void vowelOrConsonant(char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u') cout << "Vowel" << endl; else cout << "Consonant" << endl } // Driver code int main() { vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('e'); return 0; } |
Java
// java program to check if a given // character is vowel or consonant. import java.io.*; public class GFG { // Function to check whether a // character is vowel or not static void vowelOrConsonant(char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u') System.out.println("Vowel"); else System.out.println("Consonant"); } // Driver code static public void main(String[] args) { vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('e'); } } // This code is contributed by vt_m. |
Python3
# Python3 program to check if a given # character is vowel or consonant. # Function to check whether a character # is vowel or not def vowelOrConsonant(x): if (x == 'a' or x == 'e' or x == 'i' or x == 'o' or x == 'u'): print("Vowel") else: print("Consonant") # Driver code vowelOrConsonant('c') vowelOrConsonant('e') # This code is contributed by # mohit kumar 29 |
C#
// C# program to check if a given // character is vowel or consonant. using System; public class GFG { // Function to check whether a // character is vowel or not static void vowelOrConsonant(char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u') Console.WriteLine("Vowel"); else Console.WriteLine("Consonant"); } // Driver code static public void Main() { vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('e'); } } // This code is contributed by vt_m. |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to check if a given // character is vowel or consonant. // Function to check whether a // character is vowel or not function vowelOrConsonant($x) { if ($x == 'a' || $x == 'e' || $x == 'i' || $x == 'o' || $x == 'u') echo "Vowel" . "\n"; else echo "Consonant" . "\n"; } // Driver code vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('e'); // This code is contributed // by Akanksha Rai ?> |
Javascript
<script> // Javascript program to check if a given // character is vowel or consonant. // Function to check whether a // character is vowel or not function vowelOrConsonant(x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u') document.write("Vowel" + "</br>"); else document.write("Consonant" + "</br>"); } vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('e'); // This code is contributed by mukesh07. </script> |
Output:
Consonant Vowel
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
How to handle capital letters as well?
C++
// C++ program to check if a given character // is vowel or consonant. #include <iostream> using namespace std; // Function to check whether a character is // vowel or not void vowelOrConsonant(char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u' || x == 'A' || x == 'E' || x == 'I' || x == 'O' || x == 'U') cout << "Vowel" << endl; else cout << "Consonant" << endl; } // Driver code int main() { vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('E'); return 0; } |
Java
// Java program to check if a given // character is vowel or consonant import java.io.*; public class GFG { // Function to check whether a // character is vowel or not static void vowelOrConsonant(char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u' || x == 'A' || x == 'E' || x == 'I' || x == 'O' || x == 'U') System.out.println("Vowel"); else System.out.println("Consonant"); } // Driver code static public void main(String[] args) { vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('E'); } } // This article is contributed by vt_m. |
Python3
# Python3 program to check if a given # character is vowel or consonant. # Function to check whether a # character is vowel or not def vowelOrConsonant(x): if (x == 'a' or x == 'e' or x == 'i' or x == 'o' or x == 'u' or x == 'A' or x == 'E' or x == 'I' or x == 'O' or x == 'U'): print("Vowel") else: print("Consonant") # Driver code if __name__ == '__main__': vowelOrConsonant('c') vowelOrConsonant('E') # This code is contributed by # Sanjit_Prasad |
C#
// C# program to check if a given // character is vowel or consonant using System; public class GFG { // Function to check whether a // character is vowel or not static void vowelOrConsonant(char x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u' || x == 'A' || x == 'E' || x == 'I' || x == 'O' || x == 'U') Console.WriteLine("Vowel"); else Console.WriteLine("Consonant"); } // Driver code static public void Main() { vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('E'); } } // This article is contributed by vt_m. |
PHP
<?php // PHP program to check if a given character // is vowel or consonant. // Function to check whether a // character is vowel or not function vowelOrConsonant($x) { if ($x == 'a' || $x == 'e' || $x == 'i' || $x == 'o' || $x == 'u' || $x == 'A' || $x == 'E' || $x == 'I' || $x == 'O' || $x == 'U') echo "Vowel" . "\n"; else echo "Consonant" . "\n"; } // Driver code vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('E'); // This code is contributed // by Akanksha Rai ?> |
Javascript
<script> // Javascript program to check if a // given character is vowel or consonant. // Function to check whether a character is // vowel or not function vowelOrConsonant(x) { if (x == 'a' || x == 'e' || x == 'i' || x == 'o' || x == 'u' || x == 'A' || x == 'E' || x == 'I' || x == 'O' || x == 'U') document.write("Vowel" + "</br>"); else document.write("Consonant" + "</br>"); } // Driver code vowelOrConsonant('c'); vowelOrConsonant('E'); // This code is contributed by rameshtravel07 </script> |
Output:
Consonant Vowel
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
using switch case
C++
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int isVowel(char ch) { int check = 0; switch (ch) { case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'A': case 'E': case 'I': case 'O': case 'U': check = 1; } return check; } // Driver Code int main() { cout << "a is " << isVowel('a') << endl; // 1 means Vowel cout << "x is " << isVowel('x') << endl; // 0 means Consonant return 0; } |
C
#include <stdio.h> int isVowel(char ch) { int check = 0; switch (ch) { case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'A': case 'E': case 'I': case 'O': case 'U': check = 1; } return check; } int main() { printf("a is %d\n", isVowel('a')); // 1 means Vowel printf("x is %d\n", isVowel('x')); // 0 means Consonant return 0; } |
Java
/*package whatever //do not write package name here */ import java.io.*; class GFG { static int isVowel(char ch) { int check = 0; switch (ch) { case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'A': case 'E': case 'I': case 'O': case 'U': check = 1; } return check; } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("a is " + isVowel('a')); System.out.println("x is " + isVowel('x')); } } |
Python3
def isVowel(ch): switcher = { 'a': "Vowel", 'e': "Vowel", 'i': "Vowel", 'o': "Vowel", 'u': "Vowel", 'A': "Vowel", 'E': "Vowel", 'I': "Vowel", 'O': "Vowel", 'U': "Vowel" } return switcher.get(ch, "Consonant") # Driver Code print('a is '+isVowel('a')) print('x is '+isVowel('x')) |
C#
using System; class GFG { static int isVowel(char ch) { int check = 0; switch (ch) { case 'a': check = 1; break; case 'e': check = 1; break; case 'i': check = 1; break; case 'o': check = 1; break; case 'u': check = 1; break; case 'A': check = 1; break; case 'E': check = 1; break; case 'I': check = 1; break; case 'O': check = 1; break; case 'U': check = 1; break; } return check; } // Driver code static public void Main () { Console.WriteLine("a is " + isVowel('a')); Console.WriteLine("x is " + isVowel('x')); } } // This code is contributed by rag2127 |
Javascript
<script> function isVowel(ch) { var check = 0; switch (ch) { case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u': case 'A': case 'E': case 'I': case 'O': case 'U': check = 1; } return check; } // Driver Code // 1 means Vowel document.write("a is " + isVowel('a') + "<br>"); // 0 means Consonant document.write("x is " + isVowel('x') + "<br>"); // This code is contributed by Shivani </script> |
Output
a is 1 x is 0
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Another way is to find() the character in a string containing only Vowels.
C++
#include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; int isVowel(char ch) { // Make the list of vowels string str = "aeiouAEIOU"; return (str.find(ch) != string::npos); } // Driver code int main() { cout << "a is " << isVowel('a') << endl; cout << "x is " << isVowel('x') << endl; return 0; } |
C
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int isVowel(char ch) { // Make the list of vowels char str[] = "aeiouAEIOU"; return (strchr(str, ch) != NULL); } // Driver Code int main() { printf("a is %d\n", isVowel('a')); printf("x is %d\n", isVowel('x')); return 0; } |
Java
/*package whatever //do not write package name here */ import java.io.*; class GFG { static int isVowel(char ch) { // Make the list of vowels String str = "aeiouAEIOU"; return (str.indexOf(ch) != -1) ? 1 : 0; } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("a is " + isVowel('a')); System.out.println("x is " + isVowel('x')); } } |
Python3
def isVowel(ch): # Make the list of vowels str = "aeiouAEIOU" return (str.find(ch) != -1) # Driver Code print('a is '+str(isVowel('a'))) print('x is '+str(isVowel('x'))) |
C#
// C# program to implement // the above approach using System; class GFG{ static int isVowel(char ch) { // Make the list of vowels string str = "aeiouAEIOU"; return (str.IndexOf(ch) != -1) ? 1 : 0; } // Driver code static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("a is " + isVowel('a')); Console.WriteLine("x is " + isVowel('x')); } } // This code is contributed by divyeshrabadiya07 |
Javascript
<script> /*package whatever //do not write package name here */ function isVowel(ch) { // Make the list of vowels let str = "aeiouAEIOU"; return (str.indexOf(ch) != -1) ? 1 : 0; } // Driver Code document.write("a is " + isVowel('a')+"<br>"); document.write("x is " + isVowel('x')+"<br>"); // This code is contributed by patel2127 </script> |
Output
a is 1 x is 0
Time Complexity: O(N)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Most efficient way to check Vowel using bit shift :
In ASCII these are the respective values of every vowel both in lower and upper cases.
| Vowel | DEC | HEX | BINARY |
|
a |
97 | 0x61 | 01100001 |
|
e |
101 | 0x65 | 01100101 |
|
i |
105 | 0x69 | 01101001 |
|
o |
111 | 0x6F | 01101111 |
|
u |
117 | 0x75 | 01110101 |
|
|
|||
|
A |
65 | 0x41 | 01000001 |
|
E |
69 | 0x45 | 01000101 |
|
I |
73 | 0x49 | 01001001 |
|
O |
79 | 0x4F | 01001111 |
|
U |
85 | 0x55 | 01010101 |
As very lower and upper case vowels have the same 5 LSBs. We need a number 0x208222 which gives 1 in its LSB after right-shift 1, 5, 19, 15 otherwise gives 0. The numbers depend on character encoding.
| DEC | HEX | BINARY |
| 31 | 0x1F | 00011111 |
| 2130466 | 0x208222 | 1000001000001000100010 |
C++
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int isVowel(char ch) { return (0x208222 >> (ch & 0x1f)) & 1; // same as (2130466 >> (ch & 31)) & 1; } // Driver Code int main() { cout << "a is " << isVowel('a') << endl; cout << "x is " << isVowel('x') << endl; return 0; } |
C
#include <stdio.h> int isVowel(char ch) { return (0x208222 >> (ch & 0x1f)) & 1; // same as (2130466 >> (ch & 31)) & 1; } // Driver Code int main() { printf("a is %d\n", isVowel('a')); printf("x is %d\n", isVowel('x')); return 0; } |
Java
/*package whatever //do not write package name here */ import java.io.*; class GFG { static int isVowel(char ch) { return (0x208222 >> (ch & 0x1f)) & 1; // same as (2130466 >> (ch & 31)) & 1; } // Driver Code public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("a is " + isVowel('a')); System.out.println("x is " + isVowel('x')); } } |
Python3
def isVowel(ch): return (0x208222 >> (ord(ch) & 0x1f)) & 1 # same as (2130466 >> (ord(ch) & 31)) & 1; # Driver Code print('a is '+str(isVowel('a'))) print('x is '+str(isVowel('x'))) |
C#
// C# implementation of above approach using System; class GFG { static int isVowel(char ch) { return (0x208222 >> (ch & 0x1f)) & 1; // same as (2130466 >> (ch & 31)) & 1; } // Driver code static void Main() { Console.WriteLine("a is " + isVowel('a')); Console.WriteLine("x is " + isVowel('x')); } } // This code is contributed by divesh072019 |
Javascript
<script> function isVowel(ch) { return (0x208222 >> (ch.charCodeAt(0) & 0x1f)) & 1; // same as (2130466 >> (ch & 31)) & 1; } // Driver Code document.write("a is " + isVowel('a')+"<br>"); document.write("x is " + isVowel('x')+"<br>"); // This code is contributed by unknown2108 </script> |
Output
a is 1 x is 0
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
*We can omit the ( ch & 0x1f ) part on X86 machines as the result of SHR/SAR (which is >> ) masked to 0x1f automatically.
*For machines bitmap check is faster than table check, but if the ch variable stored in register than it may perform faster.
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